Swap不足怎么办

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1. 使用 dd 命令新建一个文件并挂载为 SWAP

    Use command dd to create a file and mount as swap

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[root@localhost ~]# free -m

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:          5966        334       5631          0         16         99

-/+ buffers/cache:        218       5747

Swap:         6143          0       6143

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/swap bs=1024 count=1024000

1024000+0 records in

1024000+0 records out

1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 3.20295 s, 327 MB/s

bs= 是 bytes,count 是  blocks 个块，1024bytes=1K，1024000K=1000M

[root@localhost ~]#  mkswap /root/swap

mkswap: /root/swap: warning: don t erase bootbits sectors

        on whole disk. Use -f to force.

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB

no label, UUID=af12e46f-16da-4b89-a89f-301bdce4b138

[root@localhost ~]# swapon /root/swap

[root@localhost ~]# free -m

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:          5966       1604       4361          0         21       1217

-/+ buffers/cache:        365       5600

Swap:         7143          0       7143

与最开始的相比，增加了近 1000M

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2. 用 fdisk 将未使用的分区格式化，并挂载为 swap 分区

   use fdisk to format other partitions and mount as swap

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[root@localhost ~]#
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
  Device Boot  Start  End  Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1  *  1  13  104391  83  Linux
/dev/sda2  14  2078  16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3  2079  2600  4192965  82  Linux swap / Solaris
[root@localhost ~]#
fdisk /dev/sda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
  (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
  Device Boot  Start  End  Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1  *  1  13  104391  83  Linux
/dev/sda2  14  2078  16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3  2079  2600  4192965  82  Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n
Command action
  e  extended
  p  primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (2601-2610, default 2601):

Using default value 2601
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (2601-2610, default 2610):
+50M   — 新增加个 50M 的扩展分区。

                                                                                                                             —add a extend partition of 50M
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
  Device Boot  Start  End  Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1  *  1  13  104391  83  Linux
/dev/sda2  14  2078  16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3  2079  2600  4192965  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4  2601  2607  56227+  5  Extended
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (2601-2607, default 2601):

Using default value 2601
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (2601-2607, default 2607):

Using default value 2607

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
  Device Boot  Start  End  Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1  *  1  13  104391  83  Linux
/dev/sda2  14  2078  16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3  2079  2600  4192965  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4  2601  2607  56227+  5  Extended
/dev/sda5  2601  2607  56196  83  Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@bys3 ~]#
free -m
  total  used  free  shared  buffers  cached
Mem:  2013  218  1795  0  15  153
-/+ buffers/cache:  49  1964
Swap:  5094  0  5094
[root@bys3 ~]#
swapoff /root/swap 
关闭一个 SWAP 空间

                                                              off a swap space
[root@bys3 ~]# free -m
  total  used  free  shared  buffers  cached
Mem:  2013  218  1795  0  15  153
-/+ buffers/cache:  49  1964
Swap:  4094  0  4094
[root@bys3 ~]#
mkswap /dev/sda5
/dev/sda5: No such file or directory
[root@bys3 ~]#  partprobe  — 同步分区表

                                                     sync of partition table
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Segmentation fault
[root@bys3 ~]#
mkswap /dev/sda5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 57540 kB
[root@bys3 ~]#
swapon /dev/sda5
[root@bys3 ~]# free -m
  total  used  free  shared  buffers  cached
Mem:  2013  218  1795  0  15  153
-/+ buffers/cache:  49  1964
Swap:  4149  0  4149

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开机自动挂载

auto mount during boot process

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[root@localhost ~]#  vi /etc/fstab 

LABEL=/  /  ext3  defaults  1 1
LABEL=/boot  /boot  ext3  defaults  1 2
tmpfs  /dev/shm  tmpfs  defaults  0 0
devpts  /dev/pts  devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs  /sys  sysfs  defaults  0 0
proc  /proc  proc  defaults  0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3  swap  swap  defaults  0 0 
/root/swap  swap  swap  defaults                   ——-dd 挂载方式（dd mount）

/dev/sda5  swap  swap  defaults  0 0       ——- 格式化挂载方式（formatting partition mount）

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a              ——— 无报错则挂载成功（No errors then mount succeed）

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