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本篇文章为大家展示了 k8s 如何使用 emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc 做存储，内容简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。
存储卷三种方式：emptyDir，gitRepo，hostPath
emptyDir：一个 pod 创建两个容器, 一个 pod 提供请求服务, 另一个 pod 提供文件存储,pod 删除, 存储卷就删除。
gitRepo：使用 docker 镜像提供存储
hostPath：宿主机路径,pod 删除, 存储卷还在 (在多个 node 节点要创建路径)
nfs：使用共享存储 (多个 pod 要在共享存储中创建多个目录)
帮助：
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes.persistentVolumeClaim –pvc 帮助
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes – 查看帮助
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pv –pv 帮助
1. 使用 emptyDir 做存储 (两个 pod, 一个做存储, 一个提供服务)
[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 11.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: pod-demo – 定义一个 pod
namespace: default
labels:
app: myapp
tier: frontend
spec:
containers:
– name: myapp – 定义一个容器
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
– name: http
containerPort: 80
volumeMounts:
– name: html
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html –myapp 容器 html 卷挂载到 /usr/share/nginx/html(是 nginx 默认路径)
– name: busybox
image: busybox:latest
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
volumeMounts:
– name: html –busybox 容器将 html 卷挂载到 /data
mountPath: /data/
command: [/bin/sh , -c , while true;do echo $(date) /data/index.html;sleep 2;done ]
volumes: – 定义一个 html 卷
– name: html
emptyDir: {}
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f 11.yaml
pod/pod-demo created
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 103s 10.244.1.13 k8s2 none none
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl exec -it pod-demo -c busybox — /bin/sh
/ # cat /data/index.html
Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019
[root@k8s1 ~]# curl http://10.244.1.13
Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:40:01 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:40:03 UTC 2019
Fri Feb 22 09:40:05 UTC 2019
[root@k8s1 ~]#
2. 使用 hostPath 做存储 (如果 node 节点宕机,pod 访问宕机 node 的数据就不存在了)
node1 节点：
[root@k8s2 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod
[root@k8s2 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html – 为了区分 node 节点, 将文件内容写不一样
node1
[root@k8s2 ~]#
node2 节点:
[root@k8s3 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod
[root@k8s3 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html
node2
[root@k8s3 ~]#
master 节点：
[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 12.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: pod-vol-hostpath
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
– name: myapp
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
volumeMounts:
– name: html – 使用 html 卷存储
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html –nginx 网页根目录
volumes:
– name: html
hostPath:
path: /data/pod/ –html 卷的路径 (对应的 node 节点新建目录,pod 在哪个 node 上就要新建)
type: DirectoryOrCreate
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 64m 10.244.1.13 k8s2 none none
pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.244.2.22 k8s3 none none
[root@k8s1 ~]# curl http://10.244.2.22 –pod 在 node2 节点上, 所以访问的是 node2 的网页, 如果在 node1 就是 node1 的内容
node2
[root@k8s1 ~]#
3. 使用 nfs 共享存储
nfs 存储:
[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6
[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports
/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
[root@liutie1 ~]# systemctl restart nfs
[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv
exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v6
[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e
Export list for liutie1:
/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24
[root@liutie1 ~]#
k8s 节点:
[root@k8s1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6 – 创建共享目录
[root@k8s1 ~]# mount.nfs 172.16.8.108:/data/v6 /data/v6 – 测试手动挂载
[root@k8s1 ~]# umount /data/v6
[root@k8s1 ~]# vim nfs.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: pod-vol-nfs
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
– name: pod-nfs
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
volumeMounts:
– name: html1
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumes:
– name: html1
nfs:
path: /data/v6
server: 172.16.8.108
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f nfs.yaml
pod/pod-vol-nfs created
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod-vol-nfs 1/1 Running 0 2m21s 10.244.1.78 k8s2 none none
[root@k8s1 ~]#
在 nfs 存储创建文件
[root@liutie1 ~]# cd /data/v6/
[root@liutie1 v6]# cat index.html
nfs store
[root@liutie1 v6]#
在 k8s 节点打开网页
[root@k8s1 ~]# curl 10.244.1.78 –pod 的 ip 地址
nfs store
[root@k8s1 ~]#
4. 使用 nfs 共享存储 (固定大小)
nfs 服务器：
[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v{1,2,3,4,5} – 在存储上新建目录
[root@liutie1 ~]# yum install nfs* -y – 安装 nfs
[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports – 共享目录
/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv
exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v5
exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v4
exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v3
exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v2
exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v1
[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e
Export list for liutie1:
/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24
/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24
/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24
/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24
/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24
[root@liutie1 ~]#
node 各节点：
[root@k8s2 ~]# yum install nfs-common nfs-utils -y – 所有 node 节点必须安装 nfs-utils 软件包, 否则会出错
master 节点：
[root@k8s1 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain PersistentVolume – 帮助信息
[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pv.yaml – 将远程的 nfs 目录转换成 pv
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv001
labels:
name: pv001
spec:
nfs:
path: /data/v1
server: 172.16.8.108
accessModes: [ReadWriteMany , ReadWriteOnce]
capacity:
storage: 5Gi
—
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv002
labels:
name: pv002
spec:
nfs:
path: /data/v2
server: 172.16.8.108
accessModes: [ReadWriteMany , ReadWriteOnce]
capacity:
storage: 15Gi
—
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv003
labels:
name: pv003
spec:
nfs:
path: /data/v3
server: 172.16.8.108
accessModes: [ReadWriteMany , ReadWriteOnce]
capacity:
storage: 1Gi
—
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv004
labels:
name: pv004
spec:
nfs:
path: /data/v4
server: 172.16.8.108
accessModes: [ReadWriteMany , ReadWriteOnce]
capacity:
storage: 20Gi
—
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv005
labels:
name: pv005
spec:
nfs:
path: /data/v5
server: 172.16.8.108
accessModes: [ReadWriteMany , ReadWriteOnce]
capacity:
storage: 13Gi
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pv.yaml – 生成 pv
persistentvolume/pv001 created
persistentvolume/pv002 created
persistentvolume/pv003 created
persistentvolume/pv004 created
persistentvolume/pv005 created
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv – 查看 pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s
pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s
pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s
pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s
pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s
[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pvc.yaml – 创建 pvc,pvc 的大小为 6G
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: mypvc
namespace: default – 定义一个 mypvc 名字的 pvc
spec:
accessModes: [ReadWriteMany]
resources:
requests:
storage: 6Gi
—
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod – 定义一个 pod,pod 使用 pvc
metadata:
name: pod-vol-pvc
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
– name: myapp
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
volumeMounts:
– name: html – 使用 mypvc 存储
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumes:
– name: html
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: mypvc – 引用上面的 mypvc
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml
persistentvolumeclaim/mypvc created
pod/pod-vol-pvc created
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s
pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s
pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s
pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s
pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Bound default/mypvc 8m31s –Bound 表示使用
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pvc
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
mypvc Bound pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX 2m31s – 使用了 pv005 的 mypvc 存储卷
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 141m
pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 77m
pod-vol-pvc 1/1 Running 0 4s
[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl describe pods pod-vol-pvc – 查看详细信息
上述内容就是 k8s 如何使用 emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc 做存储，你们学到知识或技能了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或者丰富自己的知识储备，欢迎关注丸趣 TV 行业资讯频道。
