python如何给文件加密与解密

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要给文件加密和解密，可以使用 Python 中的加密模块如 cryptography 或PyCrypto。以下是一个使用 PyCrypto 模块进行文件加密和解密的示例代码：

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes

def encrypt_file(input_file, output_file, key):
    cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX)
    with open(input_file, 'rb') as f_in:
        data = f_in.read()
        nonce = cipher.nonce
        ciphertext, tag = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(data)
    
    with open(output_file, 'wb') as f_out:
        f_out.write(nonce)
        f_out.write(tag)
        f_out.write(ciphertext)

def decrypt_file(input_file, output_file, key):
    with open(input_file, 'rb') as f_in:
        nonce = f_in.read(16)
        tag = f_in.read(16)
        ciphertext = f_in.read()
    
    cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX, nonce=nonce)
    data = cipher.decrypt_and_verify(ciphertext, tag)
    
    with open(output_file, 'wb') as f_out:
        f_out.write(data)

# Generate a random key
key = get_random_bytes(16)

# Encrypt a file
encrypt_file('input.txt', 'encrypted.txt', key)

# Decrypt the encrypted file
decrypt_file('encrypted.txt', 'output.txt', key)