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什么是 GoldenGate
官方定义：
Oracle GoldenGate is a comprehensive software package for real-time data integration and replication in heterogeneous IT environments.The product set enables high availability solutions, real-time data integration, transactional change data capture, data replication, transformations, and verification between operational and analytical enterprise systems.
大白话版：
Oracle GoldenGate(OGG)只会做一件事：复制数据。除此之外，啥也不会。
专一
高效
跨平台
OGG 支持的平台
支持的数据库：
Oracle
MySQL
DB2
SQL Server
NonStop SQL/MX
Sybase
Teradata
TimesTen
PostgreSQL
Informix
支持的平台：
Unix(Solaris,AIX,HP-UX)
Linux
Windows
z/OS
HP NonStop
支持的操作：
DML
DDL
OGG 支持的架构
OGG 基本原理 -Oracle 的 Redo Log 机制
LGWR: Log Writer Process
日志写进程，将缓存中的 Change Vector 写入到文件 (Online Redo Log) 中
ARCn: Archiver Processes
归档进程，对 Online Redo Log 进行拷贝
Redo Log:
记录数据库的变更数据 (Change Vector)。
分为：Online Redo Log 和 Archived Redo Log
OGG 基本原理 - 工作机制
主要进程：
Manager
总控进程
管理其它进程
管理网络端口
管理 TRAIL 文件
管理运行日志
Extract
数据抓取
数据分发(Data Pump)
Replicat
数据应用
Collector
数据接收
主要文件：
Trail
数据的记录
Checkpoints
数据检查点信息
OGG 的安装
环境: CentOS 6.7/Oracle 11.2.0.4/GoldenGate 11.2.1.0.32
Step 1. 设置环境变量
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
Step 2. 解压缩软件包
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1
tar xf fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar
Step 3. 安装运行目录
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1
./ggsci
GGSCI create subdirs
OGG 实施的基本步骤
场景：源库的表 J.T1 实时同步到目标库的 J.T1
Step 1. 源端 OGG 账号配置
SQL CREATE TABLESPACE GGS DATAFILE +DATA01 SIZE 4G;
SQL CREATE USER GGS IDENTIFIED BY GGS123 DEFAULT TABLESPACE GGS QUOTA UNLIMITED ON GGS;
SQL GRANT DBA TO GGS;
$ ./keygen 128 1
0xD63ED81A1DA4DA0596004362410C5522
$ cat ENCKEYS
DEFKEY 0xD63ED81A1DA4DA0596004362410C5522
GGSCI encrypt password GGS123 encryptkey DEFKEY
Encrypted password: AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC
Algorithm used: AES128
Step 2. 源端数据库配置
SQL ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
SQL ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
GGSCI dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI add trandata J.T1
Step 3. 源端 Manager 进程配置
GGSCI edit params MGR
PORT 7809
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 30
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 5, WAITMINUTES 1, RESETMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 60
GGSCI start MGR
Step 4. 源端 Extract 进程配置
GGSCI edit params EJT
EXTRACT EJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1)
SETENV (ORACLE_SID= stest)
USERID GGS, PASSWORD AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, ENCRYPTKEY DEFKEY
TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADER, DBLOGREADERBUFSIZE 2097152
EXTTRAIL /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/EJT.dsc, APPEND Megabytes 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
FETCHOPTIONS, FETCHPKUPDATECOLS, USESNAPSHOT, NOUSELATESTVERSION, MISSINGROW REPORT
STATOPTIONS REPORTFETCH
WARNLONGTRANS 1H, CHECKINTERVAL 5M
TABLE J.T1 ;
Step 5. 源端添加 Extract 进程
GGSCI add extract EJT, tranlog, begin now
GGSCI add exttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta, extract EJT, megabytes 256
GGSCI start extract EJT
Step 6. 目标端数据库配置
SQL ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_goldengate_replication=TRUE;
Step 7. 目标端 OGG 账号配置
参见 Step 1. 源端 OGG 账号配置
Step 8. 目标端 Checkpoint 配置
GGSCI dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI add checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint
Step 9. 目标端 Manager 进程配置
GGSCI edit params ./GLOBALS
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggs.checkpoint
ALLOWOUTPUTDIR /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat
GGSCI edit params MGR
PORT 7809
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 30
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 5, WAITMINUTES 1, RESETMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 60
GGSCI start MGR
Step 10. 源端 Data Pump 进程配置
GGSCI edit params PJT
EXTRACT PJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1)
PASSTHRU
RMTHOST tj, MGRPORT 7809
RMTTRAIL /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/PJT.dsc, APPEND, MEGABYTES 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
TABLE J.T1 ;
Step 11. 源端添加 Data Pump 进程
GGSCI add extract PJT, exttrailsource /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
GGSCI add rmttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta, extract PJT, megabytes 256
GGSCI start extract PJT
Step 12. 目标端 Replicat 进程配置
GGSCI edit params RJT
REPLICAT RJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1)
SETENV (ORACLE_SID= ttest)
SETENV (NLS_LANG = AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK)
USERID GGS, PASSWORD AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, ENCRYPTKEY DEFKEY
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/RJT.dsc, APPEND Megabytes 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
MAP J.T1, TARGET J.T1;
Step 13. 目标端添加 Replicat 进程
GGSCI dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI add replicat RJT, exttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
Step 14. 数据初始化 - 源端数据导出
SQL SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;
CURRENT_SCN
————-
373926987
$ expdp system/systm123 directory=DUMPDIR dumpfile=JT1.dump tables=J.T1 flashback_scn=373926987 logfile=JT1.expdp.log
Step 15. 数据初始化 - 目标端数据导入
$ impdp system/systm123 directory=DUMPDIR dumpfile=JT1.dump logfile=JT1.impdp.log
Step 16. 目标端启 Replicat 进程
GGSCI start replicat RJT, atcsn 373926987
“GoldenGate 的基本原理介绍”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识可以关注丸趣 TV 网站，丸趣 TV 小编将为大家输出更多高质量的实用文章！
