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这篇文章主要介绍“怎么用源码安装 MYSQL”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在怎么用源码安装 MYSQL 问题上存在疑惑，丸趣 TV 小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”怎么用源码安装 MYSQL”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着丸趣 TV 小编一起来学习吧！
一、文章说明
最近接触到 mysql 数据库，因此闲来研究一下，今天演示一下用源码安装 mysql，如果使用 rpm 包安装的话个人感觉挺简单的。
环境说明：
操作系统：rhel 5.4 x86
Mysql 版本：mysql-5.5.22
二、安装 cmake(mysql5.5 以后是通过 cmake 来编译的)
在 mysql5.5 之前的话直接编辑就可以，而在 5.5 以后需要通过 cmake 来编译，在附录中介绍一下直接编译。
下载 cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz，本人是在度娘搜的。
[root@node4 ~]# tar -zxvf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz [root@node4 ~]# cd cmake-2.8.4 [root@node4 cmake-2.8.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake ---- 在这里可以使用 # gmake make install [root@node4 cmake-2.8.4]# make [root@node4 cmake-2.8.4]# make install
备注：configure 需要执行编译到目录。
三、创建 mysql 的安装目录及数据库存放目录
[root@node4 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql5.5 [root@node4 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql5.5/data四、创建 mysql 用户及用户组
[root@node4 ~]# groupadd mysql [root@node4 ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql五、安装 mysql
[root@node4 ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz [root@node4 ~]# cd mysql-5.5.22 ---- 编译出现以下错误，需要 ncurses-devel [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]#/usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql5.5 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql5.5/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -- MySQL 5.5.22 -- Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH) CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:83 (MESSAGE):
Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,
remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/readline.cmake:127 (FIND_CURSES)
cmake/readline.cmake:217 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)
CMakeLists.txt:268 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE) -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! ---- 查看 ncurses 是否安装： [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rpm -qa|grep necurses
ncurses-5.5-24.20060715 ---- 安装 ncurses-devel [root@node4]# rpm -ivh ncurses-devel-5.5-24.20060715.i386.rpm
warning: ncurses-devel-5.5-24.20060715.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:ncurses-devel ########################################### [100%] ---- 删除 CMakeCache.txt [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# find / -name CMakeCache.txt /root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt /root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt ? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt ? yes [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt ? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt ? yes [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt ? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt ? yes ---- 再次进行编译： [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]#/usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql5.5 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql5.5/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 [root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]#make make install备注：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql // 安装目录
-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data // 数据库存放目录
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 // 使用 utf8 字符
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci // 校验字符
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all // 安装所有扩展字符集
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 // 允许从本地导入数据
注意事项：
重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。
#make clean
#rm -f CMakeCache.txt
#rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
六、设置目录权限
[root@node4 ~]# cd /opt/mysql5.5/ [root@node4 mysql5.5]# chown -R root:mysql . // 把当前目录中所有文件的所有者设为 root，所属组为 mysql [root@node4 mysql5.5]# chown -R mysql:mysql data/七、设置 mysql 配置文件
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf // 将 mysql 的启动服务添加到系统服务中 [root@node4 mysql5.5]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf my.cnf [root@node4 mysql5.5]# more my.cnf
---- 在 mysqld 下面添加 basedir = /opt/mysql5.5 datadir = /opt/mysql5.5/data [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /opt/mysql5.5 datadir = /opt/mysql5.5/data八、创建系统数据库的表
---- 在这里指定了配置文件和用户 [root@node4 mysql5.5]# scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql Installing MySQL system tables...
Filling help tables...
OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin -u root password new-password /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h node4 password new-password Alternatively you can run: /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /opt/mysql5.5 ; /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /opt/mysql5.5/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /opt/mysql5.5/scripts/mysqlbug script!九、设置环境变量
[root@node4 ~]# vi /root/.bash_profile ---- 在 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin 添加参数为： PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/mysql5.5/bin:/opt/mysql5.5/lib [root@node4 ~]# source /root/.bash_profile十、手动启动 mysql
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql // 启动 MySql 但不能停止 [1] 27412 [root@node4 mysql5.5]# 130728 08:34:38 mysqld_safe Logging to /opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.err . 130728 08:34:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql5.5/data
---- 这里 MYSQL 的 root 用户还没有配置密码，所以空值。需要输入密码时，直接点回车键即可。 [root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown Enter password: 130728 08:34:46 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pid ended [1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql十一、另一个简单的启动 mysql 的方法 (mysql 已经被添加到系统服务中)
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql start [root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql stop [root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql restart如果上述命令出现：mysql 未识别的服务
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql start
mysql.server: unrecognized service则可能 mysql 还没添加到系统服务中，下面用另一个方法添加：
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql [root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL... [ OK ] [root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]注意：主要是将 mysql.server 拷贝到 /etc/init.d 中，命名为 mysql。然后再用 #service mysql start 来启动 mysql 即可。
十二、修改 Mysql 的 root 用户密码以及打开远程连接
[root@node4 ~]# /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql -u root mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type help; or \h for help. Type \c to clear the current input statement.
mysql use mysql; Database changed
mysql desc user;
---- 为 root 添加远程连接的能力。mysql grant all privileges on *.* to root@ % identified by root
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql update user set Password = password(123456) where User= root
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0 mysql select Host,User,Password from user where User= root +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | Host | User | Password | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | node4 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | ::1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | % | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql exit;
Bye [root@node4 ~]# /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type help; or \h for help. Type \c to clear the current input statement.
mysql show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.5.22-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec) 附录：
1. groupadd mysql
2. useradd -g mysql mysql
3. tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
4. cd mysql-VERSION
5. ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql
–without-debug
–enable-thread-safe-client
–enable-assembler
–enable-profiling
–with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static
–with-client-ldflags=-all-static
–with-charset=latin1
–with-extra-charsets=utf8,gbk
–with-mysqld-user=mysql
–without-embedded-server
–with-server-suffix=bbk
–with-plugins=innobase,partition
6. make
7. make install
8.mkdir data
9.chown mysql:mysql ./data/ -R
10. cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
11. 在 my.cnf mysqld 标签下中添加：
basedir=/opt/mysql5
datadir=/opt/mysql5/data
12. ./bin/mysql_install_db –default-file=./my.cnf –user=mysql
13. select version();
到此，关于“怎么用源码安装 MYSQL”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注丸趣 TV 网站，丸趣 TV 小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！
