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环境：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.2 (Maipo)
mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
安装需求：
libaio
MySQL 5.7.19 and later 需要安装 libnuma，由于本次测试为 5.7.18，不需要安装 libnuma.
如之前安装过 MySQL，清除一下目录和文件
/etc/my.cnf or the /etc/mysql
rhel7 以后需要取消 RemoveIPC 限制
[root@rhelb mysql]# vi /etc/systemd/logind.conf
#RemoveIPC=yes – RemoveIPC=no
检查软件包是否安装
[root@rhelb mysql]# rpm -qa | grep libaio
关闭防火墙
[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=enforcing- SELINUX=disabled
关闭系统 THP,rhel7 以后和之前关闭 THP 文件有变化，rhel7 及以后关闭方式如下：
[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never
在 quiet 后添加 transparent_hugepage=never
[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= $(sed s, release .*$,,g /etc/system-release)
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT= console
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX= crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
transparent_hugepage=never
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY= true
添加后重启主机
[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]
配置 yum 源，rhel7 以后，新建一个新的 yum 资料库
[root@rhelb mysql]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# ls -lrt
total 8
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 91 Aug 16 23:11 rhel.repo
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 358 Aug 16 23:12 redhat.repo
[root@rhelb yum.repos.d]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo
[rhel7_server]
name=added from: file:///rhel7/dvd
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
安装软件包：
[root@rhelb mysql]# yum -y install libaio.x86_64
……
Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
Complete!
MySQL 二进制目录说明：
DirectoryContents of Directorybinmysqld server, client and utility programsdocsMySQL manual in Info formatmanUnix manual pagesincludeInclude (header) fileslibLibrariesshareError messages, dictionary, and SQL for database installationsupport-filesMiscellaneous support files
解压软件：
[root@rhelb soft]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@rhelb soft]# mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
创建相关用户：
[root@rhelb mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@rhelb mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@rhelb mysql]# cd /usr/local
[root@rhelb local]# mkdir /data
[root@rhelb local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@rhelb local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/
[root@rhelb local]# chmod 750 /data/
初始化数据库：
查看 mysqld 参数：
root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysqld –verbose –help |more
mysqld: Can t change dir to /var/lib/mysql/ (Errcode: 2 – No such file or directory)
bin/mysqld Ver 5.7.18 for linux-glibc2.5 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Starts the MySQL database server.
Usage: bin/mysqld [OPTIONS]
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqld server mysqld-5.7
The following options may be given as the first argument:
……
[root@rhelb mysql]# ./bin/mysqld –initialize –user=mysql –basedir=/data/ –datadir=/data/
2018-08-21T09:11:34.367385Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use –explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-08-21T09:11:34.367604Z 0 [ERROR] Can t find error-message file /data/share/errmsg.sys . Check error-message file location and lc-messages-dir configuration directive.
2018-08-21T09:11:34.632615Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-08-21T09:11:34.705037Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-08-21T09:11:34.997455Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 33b8197c-a522-11e8-83a6-080027073030.
2018-08-21T09:11:35.001885Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table mysql.gtid_executed cannot be opened.
2018-08-21T09:11:35.004186Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kdivr2ax2P,K
root 初始化密码 kdivr2ax2P,K
[root@rhelb mysql]# ls -lrt /data/
total 110628
-rw-r—– 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 21 05:11 ib_logfile1
-rw-r—– 1 mysql mysql 56 Aug 21 05:11 auto.cnf
drwxr-x— 2 mysql mysql 8192 Aug 21 05:11 performance_schema
drwxr-x— 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 21 05:11 mysql
drwxr-x— 2 mysql mysql 8192 Aug 21 05:11 sys
-rw-r—– 1 mysql mysql 419 Aug 21 05:11 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r—– 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 21 05:11 ib_logfile0
-rw-r—– 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Aug 21 05:11 ibdata1
配置 ssl，会话安全方面考虑，如不需要可以不配置
[root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
……………………………+++
…+++
writing new private key to ca-key.pem
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
………………………………………………………………..+++
.+++
writing new private key to server-key.pem
—–
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
…………………………+++
…………………………………………………………+++
writing new private key to client-key.pem
配置参数文件，如果不配置 [client] 客户端连接时提示 /tmp/socket.sock
[root@rhelb etc]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3306
pid-file = /data/mysql3306.pid
datadir = /data/
socket = /data/mysql3306.sock
slow_query_log_file = /data/slow.log
log-error = /data/error.log
[client]
socket = /data/mysql3306.sock
MySQL 取消安全隐患：
a)为 root 用户设置密码
b) 删除匿名账号
c) 取消 root 用户远程登录
d) 删除 test 库和对 test 库的访问权限
e) 刷新授权表使修改生效
root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
Error: Can t connect to local MySQL server through socket /tmp/mysql.sock (2)
[root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_secure_installation -S /data/mysql3306.sock
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
Error: Access denied for user root @ localhost (using password: NO)
[root@rhelb mysql]# bin/mysql_secure_installation -S /data/mysql3306.sock
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root: ——日志中临时生成的密码
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y
There are three levels of password validation policy:
LOW Length = 8
MEDIUM Length = 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length = 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 1
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :
… skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
localhost . This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named test that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
– Dropping test database…
Success.
– Removing privileges on test database…
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.
All done!
配置服务启动：
[root@rhelb mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
[root@rhelb mysql]# service mysql.server start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@rhelb mysql]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 3486 1 0 05:51 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –datadir=/data/ –pid-file=/data/mysql3306.pid
mysql 3653 3486 6 05:51 pts/2 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data –plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin –user=mysql –log-error=/data/error.log –pid-file=/data/mysql3306.pid –socket=/data/mysql3306.sock –port=3306
root 3685 2711 0 05:51 pts/2 00:00:00 grep –color=auto mysql
[root@rhelb etc]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type help; or \h for help. Type \c to clear the current input statement.
mysql status;
————–
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 4
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile:
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /data/mysql3306.sock
Uptime: 12 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 6 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 105 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 98 Queries per second avg: 0.500
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