共计 4391 个字符,预计需要花费 11 分钟才能阅读完成。
这篇文章给大家分享的是有关 MySQL 如何配置安全性、易用性的内容。丸趣 TV 小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,一起跟随丸趣 TV 小编过来看看吧。
一、设定管理员用户和密码
清除不安全的用户信息,设定管理员用户为 system,密码为 mysql。
具体操作步骤如下:
[mysql@JY-DB ~]$ mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.
Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id is 1
Server version:
5.6.30-log JSS for mysqltest
Copyright (c) 2000,
2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered
trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other
names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type help; or \h
for help. Type \c to clear the current input statement.
(root@localhost)[(none)]
(root@localhost)[(none)]
select user, host from mysql.user;
+——+—————-+
| user | host |
+——+—————-+
| root |
127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | jy-db |
| root | jy-db |
| | localhost |
| root |
localhost |
+——+—————-+
6 rows in set (0.04 sec)
(root@localhost)[(none)]
delete from mysql.user where (user,host) not in (select root , localhost
Query OK, 5 rows
affected (0.05 sec)
(root@localhost)[(none)]
update mysql.user set user= system , password=password(mysql
Query OK, 1 row
affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched:
1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
(root@localhost)[(none)]
flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.03 sec)
(root@localhost)[(none)]
\q
Bye
上面修改完成并刷新权限后,再次测试 MySQL 数据库连接,就必须需要指定用户名和密码登录了。具体操作步骤如下:
[mysql@JY-DB ~]$ mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access
denied for user root @ localhost (using password: NO)
[mysql@JY-DB ~]$
mysql -usystem -pmysql
Warning: Using a
password on the command line
interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL
monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id is 6
Server version:
5.6.30-log JSS for mysqltest
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered
trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other
names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type help; or \h
for help. Type \c to
clear the current input statement.
(system@localhost)[(none)]
二、处理 test 库权限隐患
查看当前 mysql.db 信息:
(system@localhost)[(none)] select * from mysql.db \G
*************************** 1. row
***************************
Host: %
Db: test
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv:
Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
***************************
2. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test\_%
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv:
Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
2 rows in set (0.00
sec)
(system@localhost)[(none)]
处理 test 库权限安全隐患:
(system@localhost)[(none)]
truncate table mysql.db;
Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.04 sec)
(system@localhost)[(none)]
flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows
affected (0.00 sec)
(system@localhost)[(none)]
select * from mysql.db \G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
(system@localhost)[(none)]
三、自定义脚本提升易用性
3.1 中间定义文件
创建中间定义文件,提高脚本的复用性。
vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
# set env
MYSQL_USER=system
MYSQL_PASS= mysql
# check parameter
if [$# -ne 1]
then
HOST_PORT=3306
else
HOST_PORT=$1
fi
由于文件包含密码等敏感信息,所以为了安全性,必须要修改文件的权限:
chmod 600
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
当然,如果对密码安全性要求很高,这里的配置文件中的密码可以置空,后续调用脚本手工输入密码即可。
3.2 启动 MySQL 服务
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_db_startup.sh
#!/bin/sh
source
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
echo Startup MySQL Service:
localhost_ ${HOST_PORT}
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/my.cnf
3.3 关闭 MySQL 服务
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_db_shutdown.sh
#!/bin/sh
source
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
echo Shutdown MySQL Service:
localhost_ ${HOST_PORT}
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S
/data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock shutdown
3.4 快捷登录 MySQL
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysqlplus.sh
#!/bin/sh
source
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
echo Login MySQL Service:localhost_ ${HOST_PORT}
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S
/data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock $2
最后,统一授予所有自定义脚本执行的权限:
chmod u+x /data/mysqldata/scripts/*.sh
配置 mysql 用户的环境变量,追加一行:
echo export PATH=/data/mysqldata/scripts:\$PATH
~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
至此,就可以在任意路径下执行脚本,提升了 MySQL 操作的易用性。
四、设置开机自动启动 MySQL 服务
在上述配置完成的基础上,
就可以直接在 root 用户下编辑 /etc/rc.local 文件,追加内容:
# autostart MySQL
sudo -i -u mysql
/data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_db_startup.sh 3306
/home/mysql/mysql_db_startup.log 2 1
感谢各位的阅读!关于“MySQL 如何配置安全性、易用性”这篇文章就分享到这里了,希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助,让大家可以学到更多知识,如果觉得文章不错,可以把它分享出去让更多的人看到吧!