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这篇文章主要介绍了 CentOS7 如何搭建 MySQL5.7 高可用，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让丸趣 TV 小编带着大家一起了解一下。
数据库架构：一主两从
master：192.168.8.57
slave1：192.168.8.58
slave2：192.168.8.59
manager：192.168.8.60
MHA 工具包：
mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz
mha4mysql-node-0.58.tar.gz
Manager 工具包主要包括以下几个工具：
masterha_check_ssh 检查 MHA 的 SSH 配置状况
masterha_check_repl 检查 MySQL 复制状况
masterha_manger 启动 MHA
masterha_check_status 检测当前 MHA 运行状态
masterha_master_monitor 检测 master 是否宕机
masterha_master_switch 控制故障转移（自动或者手动）
masterha_conf_host 添加或删除配置的服务器信息
Node 工具包（这些工具通常由 MHA Manager 的脚本触发，无需人为操作）主要包括以下几个工具：
save_binary_logs 保存和复制 master 的二进制日志
apply_diff_relay_logs 识别差异的中继日志事件并将其差异的事件应用于其他的 slave
filter_mysqlbinlog 去除不必要的 ROLLBACK 事件（MHA 已不再使用这个工具）
purge_relay_logs 清除中继日志（不会阻塞 SQL 线程）
一、配置 MySQL5.7
1. 在配置文件添加，三台服务器一样，只需修改 server-id 和 log-bin。
注意：binlog-do-db 和 replicate-ignore-db 设置必须相同。MHA 在启动时候会检测过滤规则，如果过滤规则不同，MHA 不启动监控和故障转移，这里没有设置。
server-id=57
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode = on
#开启 gtid，必须主从全开
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
log_slave_updates = 1
#开启半同步复制 否则自动切换主从的时候会报主键错误
plugin_load = rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 50002. 启动服务器，配置主从 (这里简写，百度很多)
MySQL5.7 会默认加载 validate_password 模块，是来控制密码长度和规则的，可以在配置文件里面关闭该模块 加上 validate_password = off，或者在 mysql 命令行执行 set global validate_password_policy=0; 来临时取消密码规则。
在三台服务器上配置复制用户和监控用户，三台服务器都要添加。
添加复制用户
grant replication slave on *.* to repl @ 192.168.8.% identified by mysql这里注意一定要用 repl 用户，否则后边会报找不到复制用户
加监控用户
grant all privileges on *.* to root @ 192.168.8.% identified by mysql在 slave1 和 slave2 上执行
change master to
master_host= 192.168.8.57 ,
master_port=3306,
master_user= repl ,
master_password= mysql ,
master_auto_position=1;设置从服务器只读，不要在配置文件里写，重点！
set global read_only=1
二、配置 MHA
1. 安装依赖包（所有节点）
yum install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-CPAN2. 安装 manager
tar xf mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz
cd mha4mysql-manager-0.58
perl Makefile.PL
make make install安装 node (四台服务器都安装)
tar xf mha4mysql-node-0.58.tar.gz
cd mha4mysql-node-0.58
perl Makefile.PL
make make install安装完成后会在 /usr/local/bin 目录下面生成相应的脚本，复制相关脚本到 /usr/local/bin 目录 (manager 服务器执行)
cp -ra /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts/* /usr/local/binmaster_ip_failover
# 自动切换时 vip 管理的脚本，不是必须，如果我们使用 keepalived 的，我们可以自己编写脚本完成对 vip 的管理，比如监控 mysql，如果 mysql 异常，我们停止 keepalived 就行，这样 vip 就会自动漂移
master_ip_online_change
# 在线切换时 vip 的管理，不是必须，同样可以可以自行编写简单的 shell 完成
power_manager
# 故障发生后关闭主机的脚本，不是必须
send_report
# 因故障切换后发送报警的脚本，不是必须，可自行编写简单的 shell 完成。
3. 配置 SSH 登录无密码验证
master
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.58
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.59
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.60slave1
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.57
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.59
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.60slave2
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.57
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.58
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.60manager
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.57
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.58
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.594. 配置 MHA
修改 /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover，这里使用脚本管理 vip
将如下代码全部复制进去，根据自己的实际情况进行修改
#!/usr/bin/env perl
# Copyright (C) 2011 DeNA Co.,Ltd.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
## Note: This is a sample script and is not complete. Modify the script based on your environment.
use strict;
use warnings FATAL = all
use Getopt::Long;
use MHA::DBHelper;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host,
$orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host,
$new_master_ip, $new_master_port, $new_master_user,
$new_master_password
my $vip = 192.168.8.88/24
my $key = 1
my $ssh_start_vip = /sbin/ifconfig enp0s3:$key $vip
my $ssh_stop_vip = /sbin/ifconfig enp0s3:$key down
GetOptions(
command=s = \$command,
ssh_user=s = \$ssh_user,
orig_master_host=s = \$orig_master_host,
orig_master_ip=s = \$orig_master_ip,
orig_master_port=i = \$orig_master_port,
new_master_host=s = \$new_master_host,
new_master_ip=s = \$new_master_ip,
new_master_port=i = \$new_master_port,
new_master_user=s = \$new_master_user,
new_master_password=s = \$new_master_password,
exit main();
sub main { if ( $command eq stop || $command eq stopssh ) {
# $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# invalidate orig_master_ip here.
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
# updating global catalog, etc
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn Got Error: $@\n
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq start ) {
# all arguments are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# activate new_master_ip here.
# You can also grant write access (create user, set read_only=0, etc) here.
my $exit_code = 10;
eval { my $new_master_handler = new MHA::DBHelper();
# args: hostname, port, user, password, raise_error_or_not
$new_master_handler- connect( $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,
$new_master_user, $new_master_password, 1 );
## Set read_only=0 on the new master
$new_master_handler- disable_log_bin_local();
print Set read_only=0 on the new master.\n
$new_master_handler- disable_read_only();
## Creating an app user on the new master
print Creating app user on the new master..\n
FIXME_xxx_create_user( $new_master_handler- {dbh} );
$new_master_handler- enable_log_bin_local();
$new_master_handler- disconnect();
## Update master ip on the catalog database, etc
# FIXME_xxx;
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
# If you want to continue failover, exit 10.
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq status ) {
# do nothing
exit 0;
}
else { usage();
exit 1;
}
sub usage {
print
Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n
}5. 修改 MHA 配置文件
mkdir -p /etc/masterha
cp mha4mysql-manager-0.58/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha/[server default]
manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1
manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
master_binlog_dir=/mysql/data
master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
password=mysql
user=root
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=mysql
repl_user=repl
report_script=/usr/local/bin/send_report
secondary_check_script= /usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.8.58 -s 192.168.8.59
shutdown_script=
ssh_user=root
[server1]
hostname=192.168.8.57
port=3306
[server2]
hostname=192.168.8.58
port=3306
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
[server3]
hostname=192.168.8.59
port=33066. 测试 MHA
测试 ssh 的连接情况
masterha_check_ssh –conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf测试 mysq 集群的连接情况
masterha_check_repl –conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf检查 MHA 的状态
masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf启动 MHA
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover /dev/null /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2 1 –remove_dead_master_conf 该参数代表当发生主从切换后，老的主库的 ip 将会从配置文件中移除。
–manger_log 日志存放位置
–ignore_last_failover 在缺省情况下，如果 MHA 检测到连续发生宕机，且两次宕机间隔不足 8 小时的话，则不会进行 Failover，之所以这样限制是为了避免 ping-pong 效应。该参数代表忽略上次 MHA 触发切换产生的文件，默认情况下，MHA 发生切换后会在日志目录，也就是上面我设置的 /data 产生 app1.failover.complete 文件，下次再次切换的时候如果发现该目录下存在该文件将不允许触发切换，除非在第一次切换后收到删除该文件，为了方便，这里设置为–ignore_last_failover。
为了方便启停 MHA，创建以下脚本
cat masterha_start.sh
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover /dev/null /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2 1
cat masterha_stop.sh
masterha_stop --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
7. 检查 MHA 的启动状态
tail -f /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log如果最后一行是
[info] Ping(SELECT) succeeded, waiting until MySQL doesn’t respond..表明启动成功
8.master 添加 vip
在 master 上执行
/sbin/ifconfig enp0s3:1 192.168.8.88/24[ifconfig
enp0s3: flags=4163 UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500
inet 192.168.8.57 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.8.255
inet6 fe80::5198:593b:cdc5:1f90 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 link
ether 08:00:27:c0:45:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 72386 bytes 9442794 (9.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 24221 bytes 2963104 (2.8 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
enp0s3:1: flags=4163 UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST mtu 1500
inet 192.168.8.88 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.8.255
ether 08:00:27:c0:45:0d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73 UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 host
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 84 bytes 9492 (9.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 84 bytes 9492 (9.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099 UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:f4:55:bb txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0感谢你能够认真阅读完这篇文章，希望丸趣 TV 小编分享的“CentOS7 如何搭建 MySQL5.7 高可用”这篇文章对大家有帮助，同时也希望大家多多支持丸趣 TV，关注丸趣 TV 行业资讯频道，更多相关知识等着你来学习!
