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MySQL 报错 Table plugin is read only [ERROR] Can t open the mysql.plugin table 怎么办
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迁移 MySQL 数据库的时候，发生了下面的报错
181205 14:10:22 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql_3308/
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --log-slave-updates work.
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --binlog-format work.
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] Plugin FEDERATED is disabled.
/usr/sbin/mysqld: Table plugin is read only
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [ERROR] Can t open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
2018-12-05 14:10:22 7fe3f219b740 InnoDB: Warning: Using innodb_additional_mem_pool_size is DEPRECATED. This option may be removed in future releases, together with the option innodb_use_sys_malloc and with the InnoDB s internal memory allocator.
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 4.0G
2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2018-12-05 14:10:23 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2018-12-05 14:10:23 18964 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
2018-12-05 14:10:23 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
06:10:23 UTC - mysqld got signal 11 ;
This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary
or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built,
or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware.
We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help
diagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed,
something is definitely wrong and this may fail.
key_buffer_size=8388608
read_buffer_size=131072
max_used_connections=0
max_threads=2000
thread_count=0
connection_count=0
It is possible that mysqld could use up to
key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 4387598 K bytes of memory
Hope that s ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation.
Thread pointer: 0x0
Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out
where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went
terribly wrong...
stack_bottom = 0 thread_stack 0x40000
/usr/sbin/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x3b)[0x8dd30b]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_fatal_signal+0x491)[0x6720b1]
/lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0xf6d0)[0x7fe3f1d7c6d0]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(my_realpath+0x87)[0x8da5d7]
/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z19find_or_create_fileP10PFS_threadP14PFS_file_classPKcjb+0x9c)[0xabaddc]报错提示 plugin 表只读，无法正常打开。
查看对应数据目录的权限，已经授予了 mysql 的所属权限。
[root@bi-multi-mysql-d9 mysql_3307]# ls -trl
total 3621384
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2 10 Jul 13 2017 test
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 536870912 Jul 13 2017 ib_logfile1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 536870912 Jul 13 2017 ib_logfile2
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2 4096 Jul 13 2017 performance_schema
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 431 Jul 13 2017 mysql-bin.000001
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2 8192 Jul 13 2017 mysql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 143 Jul 13 2017 mysql-bin.000002
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 57 Jul 13 2017 mysql-bin.index
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 56 Jul 13 2017 auto.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 109302 Jul 14 2017 mysql-bin.000003
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2 4096 Sep 29 09:12 jolly_alliance_center
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 221 Dec 5 12:20 mysqld-relay-bin.000670
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 52 Dec 5 12:20 mysqld-relay-bin.index
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 69 Dec 5 15:08 relay-log.info
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 358775 Dec 5 15:08 mysqld-relay-bin.000671
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 137 Dec 5 15:08 master.info
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 536870912 Dec 5 16:37 ib_logfile0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 1048576000 Dec 5 16:37 ibdata2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 1048576000 Dec 5 16:37 ibdata1报错的原因：
mysql 操作系统用户的权限被修改，无法进入数据目录，进而导致报错。
数据目录是 /data/mysql_3307，mysql 操作系统用户无法进入 /data。
修改权限后，恢复正常。
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