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这篇文章主要介绍“KVM MYSQL 5.7 单机 FOR OEL7.5 安装文档的方法是什么”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在 KVM MYSQL 5.7 单机 FOR OEL7.5 安装文档的方法是什么问题上存在疑惑,丸趣 TV 小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”KVM MYSQL 5.7 单机 FOR OEL7.5 安装文档的方法是什么”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着丸趣 TV 小编一起来学习吧!
1. KVM MYSQL 5.7 单机 FOR OEL7.5 通常安装文档 2. 安装流程 2.1. 确定平台版本和机器位数。
确定当前 MYSQL 版本对应各种操作系统 平台是否支持。
2.2. 下载对应版本 2.2.1. 下载二进制安装包
官方网站
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html
.
进入后可以选择对应的版本
NOTE:
tar.gz tar.xz 为二进制安装。
RPM 为 rpm 安装包。
deb 为 deband linux 安装包.
PKG 为 mac 文件安装包。
2.2.2. 下载 yum 源配置包(社区版)
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
2.2.3. 下载源码编译
源码现目前在 GIT 上托管。
2.3. 验证下载后文件是否正确
LINUX AND WINDOWS MD5 验证
shell md5sum mysql-standard-8.0.13-linux-i686.tar.gz
aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945 mysql-standard-8.0.13-linux-i686.tar.gz
shell md5.exe mysql-installer-community-8.0.13.msi
aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945 mysql-installer-community-8.0.13.msi
RPM 包验证
shell rpm --checksig MySQL-server-8.0.13-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
MySQL-server-8.0.13-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm: md5 gpg OK
3. 二进制部署
NOTE:
使用二进制安装这种模式不同于 yum 安装自动分析相关依赖包。必须首先移除 mariadb 或者以前的安装过 mysql 的配置文件。例如 /etc/my.conf.
卸载 mariadb
shell yum remove mariadb*
安装依赖包
shell yum search libaio # search for info
shell yum install libaio # install library
3.1. 安装目录说明 3.2. 安装 MySQL3.2.1. 创建 MySQL 用户和组
shell groupadd mysql
shell useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
3.2.2. 解压软件
shell cd /usr/local
shell tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell gunzip /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
3.2.3. 创建新的链接文件到真实目录
shell ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
3.2.4. 设置环境变量
shell export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
3.2.5. 配置启动目录
shell cd mysql
shell mkdir mysql-files
shell chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
shell chmod 750 mysql-files
3.2.6. 初始化数据库
shell bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
3.2.6.1. 初始化数据库两种方式
shell bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
shell bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
NOTE:
两种初始化方式第一种必须强制使用密码登录
第二种方式可以使用跳过密码
shell mysql -u root –skip-password
然后更改对应密码
mysql ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY new_password
在 mysql 8.0 默认加密的密码已经改了。现在默认使用 caching_sha2_password 加密方式。
如果还需使用默认的 mysql_native_password 加密方式的话使用默认 模式。
初始化的时候,默认路径为 /usr/local/mysql
3.2.6.2. 更改默认路径
如果要改变安装目录使用以下目录:
shell bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
--basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql
--datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data
配置文件
[mysqld]
basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql
datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data
使用配置文件指定位置:
范例
shell bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql \
--basedir=/app/mysql \
--datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files
输出日志:
[root
@mysql1
mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql \
--basedir=/app/mysql \
--datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files
2018-09-28T16:18:32.178288Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /app/mysql-commercial-8.0.12-el7-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12-commercial) initializing of server in progress as process 5328
2018-09-28T16:18:46.268910Z 5 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root
@localhost
is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
2018-09-28T16:18:57.082553Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /app/mysql-commercial-8.0.12-el7-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12-commercial) initializing of server has completed
3.2.7. 创建安全连接 3.2.7.1. 说明 FormatDescription—datadirPath to data directory—helpDisplay help message and exit—suffixSuffix for X509 certificate Common Name attribute—uidName of effective user to use for file permissions—verboseVerbose mode—versionDisplay version information and exit3.2.7.2. 默认目录
shell bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
3.2.7.3. 指定目录
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files/
———————————到此安装完毕—————————————————-
4. YUM 源安装
a. 去下载 MySQL 的 repo 文件:
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
b. 选择对应操作系统版本的
c. 本地安装
shell sudo yum localinstall platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rpm
EL6-based system
shell sudo yum localinstall mysql80013-community-release-el6-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
EL7-based system:
shell sudo yum localinstall mysql80013-community-release-el7-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
Fedora 28:
shell sudo dnf localinstall mysql80013-community-release-fc28-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
Fedora 27:
shell sudo dnf localinstall mysql80013-community-release-fc27-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
范例:
yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
查看已经启用 MySQL 源
yum repolist enabled | grep mysql.*-community.*
启用集群安装
mysql-cluster
查看所有 mysql 有关的安装源
shell yum repolist all | grep mysql
开启对应安装 yum 源
shell sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
shell sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community
例如:
开启集群
shell sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql-cluster
-7.6-community
安装 MYSQL
yum install mysql-community-server
5. 使用 RPM 包安装
说明:
由于企业版只提供二进制和 RPM 包方式。。不提供 YUM 安装方式。
以下是各个 RPM 包的含义:
Package NameSummarymysql-commercial-backupMySQL Enterprise Backup (added in 8.0.11)mysql-commercial-clientMySQL client applications and toolsmysql-commercial-commonCommon files for server and client librariesmysql-commercial-develDevelopment header files and libraries for MySQL database client applicationsmysql-commercial-embedded-compatMySQL server as an embedded library with compatibility for applications using version 18 of the librarymysql-commercial-libsShared libraries for MySQL database client applicationsmysql-commercial-libs-compatShared compatibility libraries for previous MySQL installations; the version of the libraries matches the version of the libraries installed by default by the distribution you are usingmysql-commercial-minimal-debuginfoDebug information for package mysql-commercial-server-minimal; useful when developing applications that use this package or when debugging this packagemysql-commercial-serverDatabase server and related toolsmysql-commercial-server-minimalMinimal installation of the database server and related tools (added in 8.0.0)mysql-commercial-testTest suite for the MySQL server
下载对应版本的 RPM 包进行解压
[root
@mysql3
~]# unzip V979091-01.zip
Archive: V979091-01.zip
extracting: mysql-commercial-libs-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-embedded-compat-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-test-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-server-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-server-minimal-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-minimal-debuginfo-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-devel-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-client-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-libs-compat-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-common-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: mysql-commercial-backup-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
extracting: README.txt
批量自动安装:自动解决依赖包。使用此命令时注意不要和 server_mini 混用。
yum install mysql-commercial-*
简易服务端
sudo yum install mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-*
简易客户端
yum install mysql-community-{client,common,libs}-*
目录分布
Files or ResourcesLocationClient programs and scripts/usr/binmysqld
server/usr/sbinConfiguration file/etc/my.cnfData directory/var/lib/mysqlError log fileFor RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.logFor SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.logValue of
secure_file_priv/var/lib/mysql-filesSystem V init scriptFor RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqldFor SLES: /etc/init.d/mysqlSystemd serviceFor RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqldFor SLES: mysqlPid file/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pidSocket/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockKeyring directory/var/lib/mysql-keyringUnix manual pages/usr/share/manInclude (header) files/usr/include/mysqlLibraries/usr/lib/mysqlMiscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)/usr/share/mysql5.1. 安装相关组件
列出开启 yum 中所有相关的安装包。,包括未 enable 中的源
例如主机上要连接低版本客户端。则需要安装低版本客户端如下:
rpm --oldpackage -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.5.50-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装其他软件:到官网下载对应版本安装。
6. 启动和关闭 6.1. 使用二进制安装
shell bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
# 6. Next command is optional
6.1.1. 拷贝自启动文件
shell cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
6.1.2. 编辑 my.cnf 文件
basedir=/app/mysql
datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files
6.1.3. 重载启动项目
systemctl daemon-reload
6.1.4. 查看是否启动 MySQL
systemctl status mysql
6.1.5. 开机自启动
NOTE:
由于使用二进制安装, 则需要配置 chkconfig。RPM 包不需要
chkconfig --add mysql.server
chkconfig mysql.server on
6.2. 使用 yum 源安装 6.2.1. 启动 MySQL
service mysqld start
systemctl start mysqld
6.2.2. 查看是否启动 MySQL
systemctl status mysql
d
6.2.3. 开机自启动
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl disable mysqld
6.3. 使用 RPM 包安装 6.3.1. 启动 MySQL
service mysqld start
systemctl start mysqld
6.3.2. 查看是否启动 MySQL
systemctl status mysql
d
6.3.3. 开机自启动
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl disable mysqld
7. MySQL 启动后诊断 7.1. 查看日志
tail host_name.err
7.2. 选择驱动
默认为 InnoDB
7.3. 确认数据文件位置是否合适 7.4. 查看所有配置参数和所有的环境变量
mysqld --basedir=/app/mysql --verbose –help | more
7.5. 配置文件环境变量
mysqladmin variables
-u root -p
mysqladmin -h host_name variables - u root -p
8. 测试 MySQL
检查 mysql 是否正常运行
mysqladmin version
检查配置变量值
mysqladmin variables
检查是否能登陆
mysqladmin -u root -p version
关闭 mysql 服务
mysqladmin -u root shutdown
显示 mysql 数据库
mysqlshow
显示某个数据库中的表
mysqlshow
mysql
shell 界面查询表数据
mysql -e SELECT User, Host, plugin FROM mysql.user mysql
NOTE:
以上命令成功执行后则 mysql 数据正常。
9. 账户安全 9.1. yum 源安装
临时密码:
grep temporary password /var/log/mysqld.log
登录:
mysql -uroot -p
更改密码:
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY MyNewPass4!
由于密码复杂度有相关要求:但是测试不需要则
mysql SHOW VARIABLES LIKE validate_password%
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 8 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
set GLOBAL validate_password.policy=0;
设置密码长度
set GLOBAL validate_password.length=3;
设置密码复杂度为低。更方便测试。
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY 1234
9.2. 二进制安装
使用 mysqld —insecure 初始化后的密码更改
mysql -u root -p
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY new_password
如果使用 mysqld —initialize-insecure 进行初始化
则:
mysql -u root --skip-password
更改密码:
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY 123
9.3. RPM 包安装
临时密码:
grep temporary password /var/log/mysqld.log
登录:
mysql -uroot -p
更改密码:
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY MyNewPass4!
由于密码复杂度有相关要求:但是测试不需要则
mysql SHOW VARIABLES LIKE validate_password%
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name | ON |
| validate_password.dictionary_file | |
| validate_password.length | 8 |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password.number_count | 1 |
| validate_password.policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql set GLOBAL validate_password.policy=0;
mysql set GLOBAL validate_password.length=3;
设置密码复杂度为低。更方便测试。
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY 1234
10. 附录 10.1. 忘记 root 密码
方法 1:
kill `cat /mysql-data-directory/host_name.pid`
把以下语句保存到文件中
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY MyNewPass
例如:/root/mysql-init
开始改变密码
mysqld --init-file=/home/me/mysql-init
mysql 服务会自动启动。
然后删除保存密码的文件。
方法 2:
添加 my.cnf 选项
skip-grant-tables:
重启 MySQL
更改密码
mysql
update user set password=password(new_pass) where user= root
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
ALTER USER root @ localhost IDENTIFIED BY MyNewPass
到此,关于“KVM MYSQL 5.7 单机 FOR OEL7.5 安装文档的方法是什么”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习,快去试试吧!若想继续学习更多相关知识,请继续关注丸趣 TV 网站,丸趣 TV 小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章!