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这篇文章主要介绍“Linux 下的进程虚拟内存结构是什么”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在 Linux 下的进程虚拟内存结构是什么问题上存在疑惑,丸趣 TV 小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”Linux 下的进程虚拟内存结构是什么”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着丸趣 TV 小编一起来学习吧!
PostgreSQL 使用进程架构, 每个连接对应一个后台进程, 为了更好的理解这种架构, 有必要深入理解进程的相关知识
一、虚拟内存
进程虚拟内存的详细结构如下图所示:
C 样例程序如下:
#include stdlib.h
#include stdio.h
#include string.h
/**
* f - print locations of various elements
*
* Returns: nothing
*/
void f(void)// 子函数
int a;
int b;
int c;
a = 98;
b = 1024;
c = a * b;
printf([f] a = %d, b = %d, c = a * b = %d\n , a, b, c);
printf([f] Adresses of a: %p, b = %p, c = %p\n , (void *) a, (void *) b, (void *)
/**
* main - print locations of various elements
*
* Return: EXIT_FAILURE if something failed. Otherwise EXIT_SUCCESS
*/
int main(int ac, char **av, char **env)
int a;// 本地变量, 位于栈中
void *p;// 指针, 在堆中分配内存
int i;
int size;
printf(Address of a: %p\n , (void *)
p = malloc(98);// 在堆中分配内存
if (p == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, Can t malloc\n
return (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf(Allocated space in the heap: %p\n , p);
printf(Address of function main: %p\n , (void *)main);//main 函数所在的内存地址
printf( First bytes of the main function:\n\t
for (i = 0; i 15; i++)
{ printf( %02x , ((unsigned char *)main)[i]);// 首 16 个字节
}
printf( \n
printf(Address of the array of arguments: %p\n , (void *)av);// 输入参数数组地址
printf( Addresses of the arguments:\n\t //
for (i = 0; i ac; i++)
{ printf( [%s]:%p , av[i], av[i]);// 打印输入参数
}
printf( \n
printf(Address of the array of environment variables: %p\n , (void *)env);// 环境变量地址
printf( Address of the first environment variables:\n // 环境变量信息
for (i = 0; i 3; i++)
{ printf( \t[%p]:\ %s\ \n , env[i], env[i]);
}
/* size of the env array */
i = 0;
while (env[i] != NULL)// 以 NULL 作为终结
{
i++;
}
i++; /* the NULL pointer */
size = i * sizeof(char *);
printf(Size of the array env: %d elements - %d bytes (0x%x)\n , i, size, size);// 计算环境变量数组大小
f();// 调用函数
getchar();// 接受输入, 进程不退出
return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
编译并执行
[root@localhost hacker]# gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror main-7.c -o 7
[root@localhost hacker]# ./7 Hello Hacker Jack!
Address of a: 0x7fff5b327bb8 -- 位于栈中
Allocated space in the heap: 0x9b6010 -- 位于堆中
Address of function main: 0x400729 -- 可执行文件
First bytes of the main function:
55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 40 89 7d dc 48 89 75 d0
Address of the array of arguments: 0x7fff5b327cb8 -- 参数数组地址
Addresses of the arguments:
[./7]:0x7fff5b329808 [Hello]:0x7fff5b32980c [Hacker]:0x7fff5b329812 [Jack!]:0x7fff5b329819 -- 输入参数
Address of the array of environment variables: 0x7fff5b327ce0 -- 环境变量数组
Address of the first environment variables:
[0x7fff5b32981f]: XDG_SESSION_ID=1
[0x7fff5b329830]: HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
[0x7fff5b32984f]: SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED=
Size of the array env: 27 elements - 216 bytes (0xd8)
[f] a = 98, b = 1024, c = a * b = 100352
[f] Adresses of a: 0x7fff5b327b7c, b = 0x7fff5b327b78, c = 0x7fff5b327b74 -- 函数 f 中的变量地址
通过 udis86 可反编译, 得到汇编代码
[root@localhost install]# echo 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 10 48 8d 45 f0 48 89 c6 | udcli -64 -x -o 400729
0000000000400729 55 push rbp
000000000040072a 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
000000000040072d 4883ec10 sub rsp, 0x10
0000000000400731 488d45f0 lea rax, [rbp-0x10]
0000000000400735 4889c6 mov rsi, rax
[root@localhost install]#
查看该进程的内存映射信息
[root@localhost install]# ps aux | grep ./7 | grep -v grep
root 6471 0.0 0.0 4348 348 pts/0 S+ 15:24 0:00 ./7 Hello Hacker Jack!
[root@localhost install]# cat /proc/6471/maps
00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 134287606 /data/source/hacker/7
00600000-00601000 r--p 00000000 fd:00 134287606 /data/source/hacker/7
00601000-00602000 rw-p 00001000 fd:00 134287606 /data/source/hacker/7
009b6000-009d7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7f95b5d16000-7f95b5ed8000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 151914 /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f95b5ed8000-7f95b60d8000 ---p 001c2000 fd:00 151914 /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f95b60d8000-7f95b60dc000 r--p 001c2000 fd:00 151914 /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f95b60dc000-7f95b60de000 rw-p 001c6000 fd:00 151914 /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f95b60de000-7f95b60e3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f95b60e3000-7f95b6105000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 151907 /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f95b62f8000-7f95b62fb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f95b6301000-7f95b6304000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f95b6304000-7f95b6305000 r--p 00021000 fd:00 151907 /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f95b6305000-7f95b6306000 rw-p 00022000 fd:00 151907 /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f95b6306000-7f95b6307000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7fff5b309000-7fff5b32a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7fff5b3f1000-7fff5b3f3000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
[root@localhost install]#
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