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这篇文章主要介绍“PostgreSQL 中怎么使用 pg_prewarm 插件”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在 PostgreSQL 中怎么使用 pg_prewarm 插件问题上存在疑惑，丸趣 TV 小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”PostgreSQL 中怎么使用 pg_prewarm 插件”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着丸趣 TV 小编一起来学习吧！
使用 pg_prewarm 插件可”预热”数据.
安装 pg_prewarm
[pg12@localhost pg_prewarm]$ make
make -C ../../src/backend generated-headers
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend
make -C catalog distprep generated-header-symlinks
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/catalog
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `distprep .
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `generated-header-symlinks .
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/catalog
make -C utils distprep generated-header-symlinks
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/utils
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `distprep .
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `generated-header-symlinks .
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/utils
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -g -O0 -DOPTIMIZER_DEBUG -g3 -gdwarf-2 -fPIC -I. -I. -I../../src/include -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/libxml2 -c -o pg_prewarm.o pg_prewarm.c -MMD -MP -MF .deps/pg_prewarm.Po
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -g -O0 -DOPTIMIZER_DEBUG -g3 -gdwarf-2 -fPIC -I. -I. -I../../src/include -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/libxml2 -c -o autoprewarm.o autoprewarm.c -MMD -MP -MF .deps/autoprewarm.Po
gcc -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -g -O0 -DOPTIMIZER_DEBUG -g3 -gdwarf-2 -fPIC -shared -o pg_prewarm.so pg_prewarm.o autoprewarm.o -L../../src/port -L../../src/common -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath, /appdb/pg12/pg12beta3/lib ,--enable-new-dtags
[pg12@localhost pg_prewarm]$ sudo make install
[sudo] password for pg12:
make -C ../../src/backend generated-headers
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend
make -C catalog distprep generated-header-symlinks
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/catalog
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `distprep .
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `generated-header-symlinks .
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/catalog
make -C utils distprep generated-header-symlinks
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/utils
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `distprep .
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `generated-header-symlinks .
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend/utils
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pg12/source/postgresql-12beta3/src/backend
/bin/mkdir -p /appdb/pg12/pg12beta3/lib/postgresql
/bin/mkdir -p /appdb/pg12/pg12beta3/share/postgresql/extension
/bin/mkdir -p /appdb/pg12/pg12beta3/share/postgresql/extension
/bin/install -c -m 755 pg_prewarm.so /appdb/pg12/pg12beta3/lib/postgresql/pg_prewarm.so
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./pg_prewarm.control /appdb/pg12/pg12beta3/share/postgresql/extension/
/bin/install -c -m 644 ./pg_prewarm--1.1--1.2.sql ./pg_prewarm--1.1.sql ./pg_prewarm--1.0--1.1.sql /appdb/pg12/pg12beta3/share/postgresql/extension/
[pg12@localhost pg_prewarm]$简单使用
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# create extension pg_prewarm;
CREATE EXTENSION
Time: 10.460 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# create table t_prewarm(id int,c1 varchar(20));
CREATE TABLE
Time: 2.796 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# insert into t_prewarm select x, c1- ||x from generate_series(1,100000);
ERROR: column x does not exist
LINE 1: insert into t_prewarm select x, c1- ||x from generate_series...
^
Time: 1.565 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# insert into t_prewarm select x, c1- ||x from generate_series(1,100000) as x;
INSERT 0 100000
Time: 242.437 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# select pg_prewarm( t_prewarm
pg_prewarm
------------
541
(1 row)
Time: 2.399 ms查看 buffer cache
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# select * from vw_buffercache_hogs;
key | buffers | dirty_buffers | hog_factor
--------------------------+---------+---------------+------------
| 64640 | 0 | 0.9863
t_prewarm | 543 | 541 | 0.0083
- system catalogues | 176 | 26 | 0.0027
- unknown file 32856 | 32 | 1 | 0.0005
- unknown file 32861 | 28 | 2 | 0.0004
- global | 19 | 0 | 0.0003
- unknown file 32869 | 15 | 4 | 0.0002
- unknown file 32868 | 13 | 3 | 0.0002
- unknown file 32860 | 8 | 1 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32867 | 8 | 1 | 0.0001
t_copy | 8 | 0 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32873 | 7 | 2 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32809 | 7 | 1 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32816 | 6 | 4 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32872 | 5 | 1 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32874 | 4 | 2 | 0.0001
pg_rewrite TOAST | 4 | 3 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32815 | 4 | 1 | 0.0001
- unknown file 32859 | 3 | 1 | 0.0000
pg_rewrite TOAST index | 2 | 1 | 0.0000
pg_statistic TOAST index | 2 | 0 | 0.0000
pg_statistic TOAST | 1 | 0 | 0.0000
t_import | 1 | 0 | 0.0000
(23 rows)
Time: 106.757 ms使用样例
通过预热, 在执行查询前已把数据读取到 cache 中, 可以提升查询性能
测试数据
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# drop table if exists t_prewarm;
DROP TABLE
Time: 9.680 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# create table t_prewarm(id int,c1 varchar(20));
CREATE TABLE
Time: 4.736 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=#
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# insert into t_prewarm(id,c1) select x, c1- ||x from generate_series(1,1000000) as x;
INSERT 0 1000000
Time: 3783.073 ms (00:03.783)没有预热的情况
[pg12@localhost ~]$ sudo sh -c echo 3 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
[sudo] password for pg12:
[pg12@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl restart
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 15:26:06.692 CST [2519] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12beta3 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16), 64-bit
2019-08-20 15:26:06.697 CST [2519] LOG: listening on IPv6 address ::1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:26:06.697 CST [2519] LOG: listening on IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:26:06.701 CST [2519] LOG: listening on Unix socket /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432
2019-08-20 15:26:06.739 CST [2519] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2019-08-20 15:26:06.739 CST [2519] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory pg_log .
done
server started
[pg12@localhost ~]$ time psql -d testdb -c select count(*) from t_prewarm; -d testdb
Timing is on.
Expanded display is used automatically.
count
---------
1000000
(1 row)
Time: 187.754 ms
real 0m0.261s
user 0m0.003s
sys 0m0.009s先行预热的情况
[pg12@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl restart
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 15:26:45.444 CST [2537] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12beta3 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16), 64-bit
2019-08-20 15:26:45.445 CST [2537] LOG: listening on IPv6 address ::1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:26:45.445 CST [2537] LOG: listening on IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:26:45.448 CST [2537] LOG: listening on Unix socket /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432
2019-08-20 15:26:45.484 CST [2537] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2019-08-20 15:26:45.484 CST [2537] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory pg_log .
done
server started
[pg12@localhost ~]$ sudo sh -c echo 3 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
[pg12@localhost ~]$ psql -d testdb -c select pg_prewarm( t_prewarm
Timing is on.
Expanded display is used automatically.
pg_prewarm
------------
5406
(1 row)
Time: 109.636 ms
[pg12@localhost ~]$ time psql -d testdb -c select count(*) from t_prewarm;
Timing is on.
Expanded display is used automatically.
count
---------
1000000
(1 row)
Time: 88.713 ms
real 0m0.103s
user 0m0.003s
sys 0m0.006s187.754 ms vs 88.713 ms
下面是使用索引的情况
[pg12@localhost ~]$ sudo sh -c echo 3 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
[pg12@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl restart
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 15:30:54.227 CST [2567] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12beta3 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16), 64-bit
2019-08-20 15:30:54.228 CST [2567] LOG: listening on IPv6 address ::1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:30:54.228 CST [2567] LOG: listening on IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:30:54.229 CST [2567] LOG: listening on Unix socket /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432
2019-08-20 15:30:54.249 CST [2567] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2019-08-20 15:30:54.249 CST [2567] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory pg_log .
done
server started
[pg12@localhost ~]$ time psql -d testdb -c select * from t_prewarm where id in (1,500000); Timing is on.
Expanded display is used automatically.
id | c1
--------+-----------
1 | c1-1
500000 | c1-500000
(2 rows)
Time: 8.219 ms
real 0m0.041s
user 0m0.004s
sys 0m0.021s
[pg12@localhost ~]$
[pg12@localhost ~]$ sudo sh -c echo 3 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
[pg12@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl restart
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
waiting for server to start....2019-08-20 15:31:44.406 CST [2584] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12beta3 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16), 64-bit
2019-08-20 15:31:44.409 CST [2584] LOG: listening on IPv6 address ::1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:31:44.409 CST [2584] LOG: listening on IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 , port 5432
2019-08-20 15:31:44.412 CST [2584] LOG: listening on Unix socket /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432
2019-08-20 15:31:44.446 CST [2584] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
2019-08-20 15:31:44.446 CST [2584] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory pg_log .
done
server started
[pg12@localhost ~]$ time psql -d testdb -c select pg_prewarm( idx_t_prewarm_id
Timing is on.
Expanded display is used automatically.
pg_prewarm
------------
2745
(1 row)
Time: 43.962 ms
real 0m0.061s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.007s
[pg12@localhost ~]$ time psql -d testdb -c select * from t_prewarm where id in (1,500000); Timing is on.
Expanded display is used automatically.
id | c1
--------+-----------
1 | c1-1
500000 | c1-500000
(2 rows)
Time: 5.431 ms
real 0m0.010s
user 0m0.001s
sys 0m0.001s因为读取索引的 block 的数不多, 因此性能差别不大.
到此，关于“PostgreSQL 中怎么使用 pg_prewarm 插件”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注丸趣 TV 网站，丸趣 TV 小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！
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