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这篇文章主要讲解了“Oracle12 RMAN 新特性 Recover Table 有什么作用”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着丸趣 TV 小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“Oracle12 RMAN 新特性 Recover Table 有什么作用”吧！
在 Oracle 12c 之前，如果误删一张表，常规的方法是 Flashback 闪回或 TSPITR。而开启 flashback 会消耗磁盘空间，且如果被 purge 或者经过 DDL，将无法 flashback。如果需要恢复的表空间过大，TSPITR 会耗时非常久。12c 中提供了 Table Recovery 的新特性，可以针对单表（或单个表分区）基于时间点进行恢复，该特性用以直接从 RMAN 备份中恢复表的方法，该特性有以下特点：
不影响数据库中的其他数据库对象
减少时间和磁盘空间的消耗，和早期的 TSPIRT 工作流程类似
从另一个磁盘路径恢复表空间
导出想要的表数据
导入到原数据库（可选）
recover table 可以将一个或多个表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点，而不会影响其余的数据库对象。可以使用以前创建的 RMAN 备份将表和表分区恢复到指定的时间点。
该表被恢复到一个辅助实例中，并且可以选择：
使用 REMAP 选项将恢复的表导入新表或分区
仅在恢复的表中创建 expdp dump 文件，以便在其他时间进行导入
先决条件
目标数据库必须处于读写模式。
目标数据库必须处于 ARCHIVELOG 模式。
您必须拥有表或表分区的 RMAN 备份，因为它们存在于要恢复这些对象的时间点。
要恢复单个表分区，目标数据库的 COMPATIBLE 初始化参数必须设置为 11.1.0 或更高。
请确保 AUXILIARY DESTINATION 有足够的空间来恢复 system、sysaux、undo 以及恢复表所需的表空间。
请注意，表恢复后，辅助目标中的这些文件将自动删除
必须使用 AUXILIARY DESTINATION 子句和后面其中一个子句来指定恢复的时间点：UNTIL TIME、UNTIL SCN 或 UNTIL SEQUENCE。
使用限制
属于 SYS 模式的表和表分区无法恢复。
SYSTEM 和 SYSAUX 表空间中的表和表分区无法恢复。
standby 数据库上的表和表分区无法恢复。
命名为 NOT NULL 约束的表不能用 REMAP 选项恢复。
RMAN 从备份中自动处理恢复表或者表分区时会执行如下步骤：
1. 判断哪些备份包含需要恢复的表或表分区，然后根据指定的时间来进行恢复。
2. 判断目标主机上是否有足够的空间来创建 auxiliary instance，该实例用于处理表或分区的恢复。如果需要的空间不足，那么 RMAN 会报错并退出恢复操作。
3. 创建 auxiliary database，并根据指定的时间来恢复指定的表或表分区到 auxiliary database 中。辅助数据库的数据文件位置可以在命令中指定。
4. 创建包含恢复表或表分区的数据泵文件（expdp dump file）。数据泵的名称和位置也可以在命令中指定。
5.（可选操作）将上一步生产的数据泵文件导入到目标实例中。当然也可以选择不导入，如果选择不导入就必须使用 impdp 手工导入。
6.（可选操作）在目标数据库中 rename 恢复表或表分区。
使用场景
RMAN 的表级和表分区级恢复在以下场景中非常适用：
（1） 需要将非常少量的表恢复至特定的时间点。在这种情况下，TSPITR 不是最有效的解决方案，因为它会将表空间中的所有对象恢复到指定的时间点。
（2） 需要恢复已被逻辑损坏或已被
drop 和 purge
的表。
（3） flashback
不可用，比如需要的 undo 数据被覆盖。
（4） DDL
操作修改表结构后丢失的数据。flashback table 不能跨越 DDL（例如 truncate）来回滚表。
在这 Recover table 过程演示
创建测试表
SQL create table t_recover_test as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL select count(*) from t_recover_test;
COUNT(*)
———-
72652
备份
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 – Production on Thu Jun 28 21:06:17 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PCC (DBID=3164878903)
RMAN
backup database format /home/oracle/bak/db_%U
Starting backup at 28-JUN-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=61 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/home/oracle/oradata/pcc/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/home/oracle/oradata/pcc/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/home/oracle/oradata/pcc/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/home/oracle/oradata/pcc/tbs_zyq01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/home/oracle/oradata/pcc/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 28-JUN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 28-JUN-18
piece handle=/home/oracle/bak/db_01t6k254_1_1 tag=TAG20180628T215236 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 28-JUN-18
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 28-JUN-18
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/c-3164878903-20180628-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 28-JUN-18
恢复表
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 – Production on Fri Jun 29 00:52:29 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PCC (DBID=3164878903)
RMAN
RECOVER TABLE zyq.t_recover_test
until time to_date(2018-06-28 23:56:06 , yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss)
AUXILIARY DESTINATION /data01
REMAP TABLE zyq.t_recover_test:t_recover_test_map;
Starting recover at 29-JUN-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=66 device type=DISK
RMAN-05026: warning: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time
List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments
Tablespace SYSTEM
Tablespace UNDOTBS1
Creating automatic instance, with SID= hCed
initialization parameters used for automatic instance:
db_name=PCC
db_unique_name=hCed_pitr_PCC
compatible=12.2.0
db_block_size=8192
db_files=200
diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle
_system_trig_enabled=FALSE
sga_target=732M
processes=200
db_create_file_dest=/data01
log_archive_dest_1= location=/data01
#No auxiliary parameter file used
starting up automatic instance PCC
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 767557632 bytes
Fixed Size 8625416 bytes
Variable Size 213910264 bytes
Database Buffers 541065216 bytes
Redo Buffers 3956736 bytes
Automatic instance created
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until time to_date(2018-06-28 23:56:06 , yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss)
# restore the controlfile
restore clone controlfile;
# mount the controlfile
sql clone alter database mount clone database
# archive current online log
sql alter system archive log current
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 29-JUN-18
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=35 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/c-3164878903-20180628-01
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/c-3164878903-20180628-01 tag=TAG20180628T234914
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
output file name=/data01/PCC/controlfile/o1_mf_fmcsc00p_.ctl
Finished restore at 29-JUN-18
sql statement: alter database mount clone database
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until time to_date(2018-06-28 23:56:06 , yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss)
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for clone datafile 1 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 4 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 3 to new;
set newname for clone tempfile 1 to new;
# switch all tempfiles
switch clone tempfile all;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile 1, 4, 3;
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file
Starting restore at 29-JUN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/bak/db_01t6k254_1_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/bak/db_01t6k254_1_1 tag=TAG20180628T215236
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 29-JUN-18
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=980038406 file name=/data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_system_fmcsc755_.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=980038406 file name=/data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_fmcsc75h_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=980038406 file name=/data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_fmcsc75c_.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until time to_date(2018-06-28 23:56:06 , yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss)
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone alter database datafile 1 online
sql clone alter database datafile 4 online
sql clone alter database datafile 3 online
# recover and open database read only
recover clone database tablespace SYSTEM , UNDOTBS1 , SYSAUX
sql clone alter database open read only
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
sql statement: alter database datafile 1 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
sql statement: alter database datafile 3 online
Starting recover at 29-JUN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_3_979872889.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 4 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_4_979872889.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_3_979872889.dbf thread=1 sequence=3
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_4_979872889.dbf thread=1 sequence=4
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:11
Finished recover at 29-JUN-18
sql statement: alter database open read only
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone create spfile from memory
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
sql clone alter system set control_files =
/data01/PCC/controlfile/o1_mf_fmcsc00p_.ctl comment=
RMAN set scope=spfile
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
# mount database
sql clone alter database mount clone database
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create spfile from memory
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 767557632 bytes
Fixed Size 8625416 bytes
Variable Size 213910264 bytes
Database Buffers 541065216 bytes
Redo Buffers 3956736 bytes
sql statement: alter system set control_files = /data01/PCC/controlfile/o1_mf_fmcsc00p_.ctl comment= RMAN set scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 767557632 bytes
Fixed Size 8625416 bytes
Variable Size 213910264 bytes
Database Buffers 541065216 bytes
Redo Buffers 3956736 bytes
sql statement: alter database mount clone database
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until time to_date(2018-06-28 23:56:06 , yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss)
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for datafile 5 to new;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile 5;
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 29-JUN-18
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=34 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /data01/HCED_PITR_PCC/datafile/o1_mf_tbs_zyq_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/bak/db_01t6k254_1_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/bak/db_01t6k254_1_1 tag=TAG20180628T215236
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 29-JUN-18
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=980038478 file name=/data01/HCED_PITR_PCC/datafile/o1_mf_tbs_zyq_fmcsfttn_.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until time to_date(2018-06-28 23:56:06 , yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss)
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone alter database datafile 5 online
# recover and open resetlogs
recover clone database tablespace TBS_ZYQ , SYSTEM , UNDOTBS1 , SYSAUX delete archivelog;
alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
sql statement: alter database datafile 5 online
Starting recover at 29-JUN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_3_979872889.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 4 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_4_979872889.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_3_979872889.dbf thread=1 sequence=3
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/arch2_4_979872889.dbf thread=1 sequence=4
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 29-JUN-18
database opened
contents of Memory Script:
{
# create directory for datapump import
sql create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as
/data01
# create directory for datapump export
sql clone create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as
/data01
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as /data01
sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as /data01
Performing export of tables…
EXPDP Starting SYS . TSPITR_EXP_hCed_Dhxe :
EXPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
EXPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
EXPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
EXPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
EXPDP . . exported ZYQ . T_RECOVER_TEST 9.324 MB 72652 rows
EXPDP Master table SYS . TSPITR_EXP_hCed_Dhxe successfully loaded/unloaded
EXPDP ******************************************************************************
EXPDP Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_hCed_Dhxe is:
EXPDP /data01/tspitr_hCed_71393.dmp
EXPDP Job SYS . TSPITR_EXP_hCed_Dhxe successfully completed at Fri Jun 29 00:55:41 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:35
Export completed
contents of Memory Script:
{
# shutdown clone before import
shutdown clone abort
}
executing Memory Script
Oracle instance shut down
Performing import of tables…
IMPDP Master table SYS . TSPITR_IMP_hCed_Arhm successfully loaded/unloaded
IMPDP Starting SYS . TSPITR_IMP_hCed_Arhm :
IMPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
IMPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
IMPDP . . imported ZYQ . T_RECOVER_TEST_MAP 9.324 MB 72652 rows
IMPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
IMPDP Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
IMPDP Job SYS . TSPITR_IMP_hCed_Arhm successfully completed at Fri Jun 29 00:56:43 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:45
Import completed
Removing automatic instance
Automatic instance removed
auxiliary instance file /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_temp_fmcsd5ny_.tmp deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/HCED_PITR_PCC/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_fmcsg3y6_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/HCED_PITR_PCC/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_fmcsg07o_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/HCED_PITR_PCC/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_fmcsfzr1_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/HCED_PITR_PCC/datafile/o1_mf_tbs_zyq_fmcsfttn_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_fmcsc75c_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_fmcsc75h_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/PCC/datafile/o1_mf_system_fmcsc755_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /data01/PCC/controlfile/o1_mf_fmcsc00p_.ctl deleted
auxiliary instance file tspitr_hCed_71393.dmp deleted
Finished recover at 29-JUN-18
RMAN
验证
SQL select count(*) from T_RECOVER_TEST_MAP;
COUNT(*)
———-
72652
感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“Oracle12 RMAN 新特性 Recover Table 有什么作用”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对 Oracle12 RMAN 新特性 Recover Table 有什么作用这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是丸趣 TV，丸趣 TV 小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！
