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这篇文章主要介绍了 RHEL6 64 位系统如何安装 ORACLE 10g 64bit 数据库，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让丸趣 TV 小编带着大家一起了解一下。
RHEL6 64 位系统安装 ORACLE 10g 64bit 数据库
步骤 1：准备系统以及在虚拟机上设置共享目录 DataBase，准备数据库安装介质。有些细节东西我可能会一笔带过，不清楚的可以看看我这篇文章 Rhel-Server 5.5 安装 ORACLE10
安装介质文件 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz，必须先用 gunzip 解压，然后用 cpio 解压 cpio 格式的文件。
解压安装文件
[root@bogon DataBase]# cd /mnt/hgfs/DataBase/
[root@bogon DataBase]# ls
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
[root@bogon DataBase]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
[root@bogon DataBase]# ls
10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
[root@bogon DataBase]# cpio -idmv 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
[root@bogon DataBase]# cd database/
[root@bogon database]# ls
doc install response runInstaller stagewelcome.html
步骤 2：查看安装文档，在解压目录下打开 welcome.html 文件，点击“Installing Oracle Database”下的“Documentation”链接即可进入。安装前最好将安装文档初略看一遍，当然你也可以在安装过程中参考。
[root@bogon database]# firefox welcome.html
步骤 3：检查硬件要求（Checking the Hardware Requirements）
官方文档对系统硬件的要求
#At least 512 MB of physical RAM
#The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space requirement.
RAM Swap Space
Up to 512 MB 2 times the size of RAM
Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB 1.5 times the size of RAM
Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB Equal to the size of RAM
More than 8192 MB 0.75 times the size of RAM
#400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory
#Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on the installation type
#1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional
内存检测：内存最低要求 512M，如今不能满足这个条件的计算机的都是老古董了，虚拟机我分配的是 2G 内存，如下所示
Code Snippet
[root@bogon Desktop]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:2051700 kB
[root@bogon Desktop]# free -g
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem:1 0 1 0 0 0
-/+ buffers/cache:0 1
Swap:3 0 3
交换空间（Swap Space）检测：
Code Snippet
[root@bogon Desktop]# grepSwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:4128760 kB
磁盘空间检测 /tmp 目录检测：
Code Snippet
[root@bogon Desktop]# df -m /tmp
Filesystem 1M-blocksUsed Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda213878 2186 10987 17% /
[root@bogon Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 14G 2.2G 11G 17% /
tmpfs 1002M 100K 1002M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 30M 246M 11% /boot
.host:/ 30G 16G 15G 52% /mnt/hgfs
[root@bogon Desktop]#
CPU 检测：
[root@bogon Desktop]# grep model name /proc/cpuinfo
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T6670 @ 2.20GHz
[root@bogon Desktop]#
步骤 4：检查软件要求 (Checking the Software Requirements)
下面是官方文档的系统要求
The operating system must be one of the following:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 (Update 4 or later)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 (Update 1 or later)
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0
The system must be running the following (or later) kernel version:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
2.4.21-27.EL
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0
2.6.9-11.EL
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0
2.6.5-7.201
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0:
make-3.79.1-17
compat-db 4.0.14-5.1
control-center-2.2.0.1-13
gcc-3.2.3-47
gcc-c++-3.2.3-47
gdb-6.1post-1.20040607.52
glibc-2.3.2-95.30
glibc-common-2.3.2-95.30
glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.30
glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.20 (32 bit)
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-34.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-3.2.3-47
libstdc++-devel-3.2.3-47
openmotif-2.2.3-3.RHEL3
sysstat-5.0.5-5.rhel3
setarch-1.3-1
libaio-0.3.96-3
libaio-devel-0.3.96-3
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0:
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
glibc-2.3.4-2
glibc-common-2.3.4-2
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9
binutils-2.15.90.0.1.1-32.5
gcc-3.3.3-43.24
gcc-c++-3.3.3-43.24
glibc-2.3.3-98.28
gnome-libs-1.4.1.7-671.1
libstdc++-3.3.3-43.24
libstdc++-devel-3.3.3-43.24
make-3.80-184.1
pdksh-5.2.14-780.1
sysstat-5.0.1-35.1
xscreensaver-4.16-2.6从文档中可以看出 ORACLE 10g 只支持到 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0，并没有明确表示支持 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0. 这是因为 Oracle 官方并没有在 Rhel 4 以后的版本测试过 Oracle 10g，另外一方面应该是 Oracle 出于自己的商业利益战略考虑。安装过程中你必须修改配置文件 /etc/redhat-release 将“Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)”改为“Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.0 (Santiago)”，否则安装过程会报错，无法继续。
查看内核版本，比文档要求的版本要高。
[root@bogon Desktop]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.4.4 20100726 (Red Hat 4.4.4-13) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Sep 1 01:33:01 EDT 2010
[root@bogon Desktop]# uname -r
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64
检查必须安装以下软件包（或更高版本）：注意千万不要用下面语句检查，否则全部都是没有，因为 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0 下的包的版本可能比这个高，所以你最好忽略那些版本号，然后去检查。这部相当重要。安装过程很多报错信息就是因为这一步没有到位导致的。当然有些错误是因为缺少一些包，安装文档也没有提及（后面有讲解）
rpm -q binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
rpm -q compat-db-4.1.25-9
rpm -q control-center-2.8.0-12
rpm -q gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
rpm -q gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
rpm -q glibc-2.3.4-2
rpm -q glibc-common-2.3.4-2
rpm -q gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
rpm -q libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
rpm -q libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
rpm -q make-3.80-5
rpm -q pdksh-5.2.14-30
rpm -q sysstat-5.0.5-1
rpm -q xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q binutils
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q compat-db
package compat-db is not installed
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q control-center
control-center-2.28.1-25.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q glibc-*
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q gcc-c++
package gcc-c++ is not installed
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q glibc
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q gnome-libs
package gnome-libs is not installed
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q libstdc++-
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q make
make-3.81-19.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q sysstat
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6.x86_64
[root@bogon Desktop]# rpm -q xscreensaver
package xscreensaver is not installed
安装缺少的包，首先配置 yum，如果缺少文件 rhel-debuginfo.repo , 新建文件 rhel-debuginfo.repo，其中 Relhat6 目录是 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0 的安装介质目录，下面红色部分是需要根据你系统具体配置的部分
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# vi rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-debuginfo]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux LOCAL SOURCE
baseurl=file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
接下来就是安装缺少的一些包的过程，甚是枯燥和无聊。
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum list compat-db Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. Available Packages
compat-db.i686 4.6.21-15.el6 rhel-debuginfo
compat-db.x86_64 4.6.21-15.el6 rhel-debuginfo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# [root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum install compat-db.x86_64 Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml
Trying other mirror. Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package compat-db.x86_64 0:4.6.21-15.el6 set to be updated -- Processing Dependency: compat-db43(x86-64) = 4.3.29-15.el6 for package: compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.x86_64 -- Processing Dependency: compat-db42(x86-64) = 4.2.52-15.el6 for package: compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.x86_64 -- Running transaction check --- Package compat-db42.x86_64 0:4.2.52-15.el6 set to be updated --- Package compat-db43.x86_64 0:4.3.29-15.el6 set to be updated -- Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================= Installing: compat-db x86_64 4.6.21-15.el6 rhel-debuginfo 12 k
Installing for dependencies: compat-db42 x86_64 4.2.52-15.el6 rhel-debuginfo 805 k
compat-db43 x86_64 4.3.29-15.el6 rhel-debuginfo 874 k
Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================= Install 3 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.7 M
Installed size: 4.6 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 5.8 MB/s | 1.7 MB 00:00 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
rhel-debuginfo/gpgkey | 6.3 kB 00:00 ... Importing GPG key 0xFD431D51 Red Hat, Inc. (release key 2) security@redhat.com from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Importing GPG key 0x2FA658E0 Red Hat, Inc. (auxiliary key) security@redhat.com from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : compat-db43-4.3.29-15.el6.x86_64 1/3 Installing : compat-db42-4.2.52-15.el6.x86_64 2/3 Installing : compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.x86_64 3/3 Installed: compat-db.x86_64 0:4.6.21-15.el6
Dependency Installed: compat-db42.x86_64 0:4.2.52-15.el6 compat-db43.x86_64 0:4.3.29-15.el6
Complete! [root@bogon yum.repos.d]# [root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686.rpm error: Failed dependencies: libfreebl3.so is needed by glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
libfreebl3.so(NSSRAWHASH_3.12.3) is needed by glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
[root@bogon Packages]# yum install glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml
Trying other mirror. Setting up Install Process
Examining glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686.rpm: glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
Marking glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies -- Running transaction check --- Package glibc.i686 0:2.12-1.7.el6 set to be updated -- Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so for package: glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686 -- Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so(NSSRAWHASH_3.12.3) for package: glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686 -- Running transaction check --- Package nss-softokn-freebl.i686 0:3.12.7-1.1.el6 set to be updated -- Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: glibc i686 2.12-1.7.el6 /glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686 13 M
Installing for dependencies: nss-softokn-freebl i686 3.12.7-1.1.el6 rhel-debuginfo 109 k
Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 2 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total size: 13 M
Total download size: 109 k
Installed size: 13 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686 1/2 Installing : nss-softokn-freebl-3.12.7-1.1.el6.i686 2/2 Installed: glibc.i686 0:2.12-1.7.el6
Dependency Installed: nss-softokn-freebl.i686 0:3.12.7-1.1.el6
Complete! [root@bogon Packages]# [root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum list gcc-c++ Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///mnt/hgfs/DataBase/Relhat6/repodata/repomd.xml
Trying other mirror. Available Packages
gcc-c++.x86_64
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