如何进行asmcmd的分析

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如何进行 asmcmd 的分析，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。

在 ASM 实例中，所有的存储于 ASM 磁盘组中的文件对于操作系统命令而言是不可访问的，因此
也无法使用常规的命令来操纵 ASM 磁盘中的文件。所幸的是，我们有 ASMCMD 工具来代替操作系统命令来完成这部分工作。ASMCMD 工具提供了类似于操
作系统的常用命令，如 ls , du ,find,cd ,rm ,mkdir 等等。借助这些工具可以更轻松的完成 ASM 实例的相关管理工作。
ASMCMD 使用实例
启动前要设定 ORACLE_SID 环境变量
$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
$ asmcmd

ASMCMD help – 在 asmcmd 命令提示符下，输入 help [命令]，则显示该命令帮助信息
asmcmd [-p] [command] – 该方式可以直接完成相应的功能而不需要进入到 ASMCMD 提示符下
The environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID determine the
instance to which the program connects, and ASMCMD establishes a
bequeath connection to it, in the same manner as a SQLPLUS / AS
SYSDBA. The user must be a member of the SYSDBA group.
Specifying the -p option allows the current directory to be displayed
in the command prompt, like so:
ASMCMD [+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE]
[command] specifies one of the following commands, along with its
parameters.
Type help [command] to get help on a specific ASMCMD command.
commands:
——–
cd
du
find
help
ls
lsct
lsdg
mkalias
mkdir
pwd
rm
rmalias
ASMCMD help lsct – 查看命令的具体用法，本例为 lsct
lsct [-H] [group]
List all clients and their attributes from V$ASM_CLIENT. If group is
specified, then return only information on that group.
The -H flag suppresses the column headers from the output.

$ asmcmd -p ls -l – 无需进入到 ASMCMD 命令提示符下完成相应的功能
State Type Rebal Unbal Name
MOUNTED NORMAL N N DG1/
MOUNTED NORMAL N N DG2/
MOUNTED EXTERN N N REV/

ASMCMD ls -l – 查看磁盘组的基本信息
State Type Rebal Unbal Name
MOUNTED NORMAL N N DG1/
MOUNTED NORMAL N N DG2/
MOUNTED EXTERN N N REV/
ASMCMD ls -s – 查看磁盘组的详细信息，如磁盘大小，可用空间，扇区大小等
Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
512 4096 1048576 3058 1498 0 749 0 DG1/
512 4096 1048576 200 98 0 49 0 DG2/
512 4096 1048576 3074 2949 0 2949 0 REV/
ASMCMD ls -ld – 查看目录信息

Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name
Y czmmiao/
ASMCMD du – 查看当前目录磁盘已使用的容量
Used_MB Mirror_used_MB
804 1541
ASMCMD pwd – 显示当前路径
+
ASMCMD cd DG1 –cd 命令改变当前目录
ASMCMD pwd
+DG1
ASMCMD find -t datafile +DG1/asmdb sys* –find 用于查找对象,- t 参数指定对象类型，对象类型必须是 v$asm_file.type 中的对象类型
+DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/SYSAUX.261.734885459
+DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/SYSTEM.259.734885389
ASMCMD cd +DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/
ASMCMD mkalias EXAMPLE.264.800386585 aaa – 给对象创建别名
ASMCMD ls
EXAMPLE.264.800386585
SYSAUX.257.800386397
SYSTEM.256.800386395
UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
USERS.259.800386397
aaa
ASMCMD ls -a – 查看别名信息，该信息来自 v$asm_alias

+DATA/CZMMIAO/DATAFILE/aaa = EXAMPLE.264.800386585
none = SYSAUX.257.800386397
none = SYSTEM.256.800386395
none = UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
none = UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
none = USERS.259.800386397
aaa
ASMCMD rmalias aaa – 删除对象别名

ASMCMD ls -a
none = EXAMPLE.264.800386585
none = SYSAUX.257.800386397
none = SYSTEM.256.800386395
none = UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
none = UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
none = USERS.259.800386397
ASMCMD lsdg – 查看磁盘组信息
State Type Rebal Unbal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N N 512 4096 1048576 3815 2529 0 2529 0 DATA/
ASMCMD lsct – 查看 asm 客户端信息
DB_Name Status Software_Version Compatible_version Instance_Name
czmmiao CONNECTED 10.2.0.1.0 10.2.0.1.0 czmmiao1

ASMCMD mkdir bbb ccc — 创建 bbb 和 ccc 目录

ASMCMD ls
EXAMPLE.264.800386585
SYSAUX.257.800386397
SYSTEM.256.800386395
UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
USERS.259.800386397
bbb/
ccc/
ASMCMD rmdir bbb ccc – 删除 bbb 和 ccc 目录,rm 命令有 - r 和 - f 两个参数，用法同 linux 的 rm 命令

11g R2 新增命令

cp: 不仅可以在 ASM 和 OS 之间复制文件，也可以在不同的 ASM Instance 和 Diskgroup 之间复制文件;

cp +dgtest/test/datafile/USERS.264.646186565 users.dbf
md_backup: 将 disk group 中的 metadata 备份到文件;
md_backup /tmp/backupfile -G DATAGP
md_restore: 将备份文件中的 metadata 恢复到 disk group;
md_restore -full -G data –silent /tmp/file
lsattr: 列出 disk group 的属性;
lsattr -l -G DATAGP
setattr: 设置 disk group 的属性;
setattr -G DATAGP compataible.asm 11.2.0.0.0
lsof: 显示 local clients 的 open files;
lsof -G DATAGP
chdg: 修改 disk group, add 或 drop disk;
chdg DATAGP_config.xml
chkdg: check 或 repair disk group 的 metadata;
chkdg –repair DATAGP
dropdg: drop disk group;
dropdg -r -f DATAGP
iostat: 查看 I /O statics 通过 v$asm_disk_iostat;
iostat -G DATAGP
lsdsk: list ASM disks;
lsdsk -p -G DATAGP /dev/raw/* ;
lsdsk –candidate -p
lsod: list open ASM disks;
lsod -G DATAGP
mkdg: create disk group based on a xml file;
mkdg DATAGP_config.xml
mount: mount a disk group;
mount -f DATAGP;
mount –restrict DATAGP;
mount -a
offline: offline disks or failure groups that belong to disk group.
offline -G DATAGP -F FG1
online: online disks or a failure group;
online -G DATAGP -D data_0001 –power=3
rebal: rebalance a disk group;
rebal –power 4 DATAGP
remap: mark blocks as unusable on the disk and relocates data;
remap DATAGP data_0001 500-700
umount: dismount a disk group;
unmount -f DATAGP
pwcopy: copy password file;
pwcopy –asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile +DG1/mypwfile
pwcreate: create password file for sys;
pwcreate –asm +DG/mdir/mypwfile welcome
pwdelete: delete password file;
pwdelete –asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile
pwget: get the location of password file;
pwget –asm
pwmove: move password file;
pwmove –asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile +DG1/mypwfile
pwset: set the location of password file;
pwset -dbuniquename aime1 +DG/mydir/mypwfile
dsget: get the discovery disk string;
dsget
dsset: set the discovery disk string;
dsset /dev/raw/*
lsop: list current operations on disk group from v$asm_operation;
lsop
shutdown: shutdown ASM instance;
shut immediate
spbackup: backup ASM Spfile;
spbackup +DATA/asm/asmprameterfile/register.323.234 +DATA/spf.bak
spcopy: copy spfile;
spcopy +DATA/asm/asmprameterfile/register.323.234 +DATA/spf.ora
spget: get the spfile location;
spget
spmove: move spfile;
spmove +DATA/spf.ora +DATA1/spf.ora
spset: set the location of spfile;
spset +DATA/spf.ora
startup: start up ASM instance;
startup –nomount –pfile asm.ora
chtmpl: 改变 template 的属性；
chtmpl -G DATAGP –redundancy high –striping fine mytemplate
lstmpl: list templates;
ls -l -G DATAGP
mktmpl: add template to disk group;
mktmpl -G DATA –redundancy mirror –striping coarse
rmtmpl: remove template from disk group;
rmtmpl -G DATAGP mytp
chgrp: change user group of files;
chgrp asm-data +data/mydir/a.f
chmod: change permissions of files;
chmod 640 a.f
chown: change owner of files;
chown user:usergroup a.f
groups: list all user groups of a user;
groups DATAGP user
grpmod: add or remove OS users to ASM user group;
grpmod –add fra asm_fra oracle1 oracle2
lsgrp: list all ASM user groups;
lsgrp -a
lspwusr: list users from ASM password file;
lspwusr
lsusr: list users in a disk group;
lsusr -G DATAGP
mkgrp: create new ASM user group;
mkgrp DATAGP asm_data oracle1 oracle2
mkusr: add OS user to a disk group;
mkusr DATA oracle1
orapwusr: add, drop, modify ASM password file user;
orapwusr –add –privilege sysdba hrusr
passwd: change password of a user;
passwd oracle2
rmgrp: remove a user group from disk group;
rmgrp DATAGP asm_data
rmusr: remove a OS user from disk group;
rmusr DATAGP oracle2
rpusr: replace OS user1 with OS user2;
rpusr DATAGP oracle1 oracle2
volcreate: create an ADVM volume in disk group;
volcreate -G DATA -s 10G –width 64K –column 8 volume1
voldelete: delete an ADVM volume;
voldelete -G DATAGP volume1
voldisable: disable an ADVM volumes in mounted disk groups and remove the volume device on the local node;
voldisable -G DATAGP volume1
volenable: enable ADVM volume in mounted disk groups;
volenable -G DATAGP volume1
volinfo: display information of ADVM volumes;
volinfo -G DATAGP volume1
volresize: resize an ADVM volume;
volresize -G DATAGP -s 20G volume1
volset: set attributes of ADVM volume;
volset -G DATA –usagestring no file system attached volume1
volstat: report I/O statistics of ADVM volume;
volstat -G DATAGP