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丸趣 TV 小编给大家分享一下 mysql 子查询语句怎么写,希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后都有所收获,下面让我们一起去探讨吧!
mysql 子查询语句是指在另一个查询语句中的 SELECT 子句,例句如“SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);”。
本文操作环境:Windows7 系统、mysql5.7 版、Dell G3 电脑。
mysql 子查询语句:
1. 子查询是指在另一个查询语句中的 SELECT 子句。
例句:
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);
其中,SELECT * FROM t1 … 称为 Outer Query[外查询](或者 Outer Statement),
SELECT column1 FROM t2 称为 Sub Query[子查询]。
所以,我们说子查询是嵌套在外查询内部。而事实上它有可能在子查询内部再嵌套子查询。
子查询必须出现在圆括号之间。
行级子查询
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10);
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10);
行级子查询的返回结果最多为一行。
优化子查询
— 创建数据表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods(
goods_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
goods_name VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,
goods_cate VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
is_show BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
is_saleoff BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
— 写入记录
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(R510VC 15.6 英寸笔记本 , 笔记本 , 华硕 , 3399 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(Y400N 14.0 英寸笔记本电脑 , 笔记本 , 联想 , 4899 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(G150TH 15.6 英寸游戏本 , 游戏本 , 雷神 , 8499 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(X550CC 15.6 英寸笔记本 , 笔记本 , 华硕 , 2799 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5 英寸超极本 , 超级本 , 联想 , 4999 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(U330P 13.3 英寸超极本 , 超级本 , 联想 , 4299 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(SVP13226SCB 13.3 英寸触控超极本 , 超级本 , 索尼 , 7999 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9 英寸平板电脑 , 平板电脑 , 苹果 , 1998 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7 英寸平板电脑 (16G WiFi 版), 平板电脑 , 苹果 , 3388 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES( iPad mini ME279CH/A 配备 Retina 显示屏 7.9 英寸平板电脑 (16G WiFi 版), 平板电脑 , 苹果 , 2788 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(IdeaCentre C340 20 英寸一体电脑 , 台式机 , 联想 , 3499 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(Vostro 3800-R1206 台式电脑 , 台式机 , 戴尔 , 2899 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(iMac ME086CH/A 21.5 英寸一体电脑 , 台式机 , 苹果 , 9188 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(AT7-7414LP 台式电脑 (i5-3450 四核 4G 500G 2G 独显 DVD 键鼠 Linux ), 台式机 , 宏碁 , 3699 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(Z220SFF F4F06PA 工作站 , 服务器 / 工作站 , 惠普 , 4288 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(PowerEdge T110 II 服务器 , 服务器 / 工作站 , 戴尔 , 5388 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(Mac Pro MD878CH/A 专业级台式电脑 , 服务器 / 工作站 , 苹果 , 28888 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES( HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备 , 笔记本配件 , 索尼 , 6999 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(商务双肩背包 , 笔记本配件 , 索尼 , 99 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(X3250 M4 机架式服务器 2583i14 , 服务器 / 工作站 , IBM , 6888 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(玄龙精英版 笔记本散热器 , 笔记本配件 , 九州风神 , ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES( HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备 , 笔记本配件 , 索尼 , 6999 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(商务双肩背包 , 笔记本配件 , 索尼 , 99 ,DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
— 求所有电脑产品的平均价格, 并且保留两位小数,AVG,MAX,MIN、COUNT、SUM 为聚合函数
SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods;
— 查询所有价格大于平均价格的商品,并且按价格降序排序
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price 5845.10 ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
— 使用子查询来实现
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods
WHERE goods_price (SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods)
ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
— 查询类型为“超记本”的商品价格
SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = 超级本
— 查询价格大于或等于 超级本 价格的商品,并且按价格降序排列
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods
WHERE goods_price = ANY(SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = 超级本
)
ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
— = ANY 或 = SOME 等价于 IN
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods
WHERE goods_price IN (SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = 超级本
)
ORDER BY goods_price DESC;
— 创建“商品分类”表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods_cates(
cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
cate_name VARCHAR(40)
);
— 查询 tdb_goods 表的所有记录,并且按 类别 分组
SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;
— 将分组结果写入到 tdb_goods_cates 数据表
INSERT tdb_goods_cates (cate_name) SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;
— 通过 tdb_goods_cates 数据表来更新 tdb_goods 表
UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates ON goods_cate = cate_name
SET goods_cate = cate_id ;
— 通过 CREATE…SELECT 来创建数据表并且同时写入记录
-- SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;
CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_brands (
brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
) SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;
— 通过 tdb_goods_brands 数据表来更新 tdb_goods 数据表 (错误)
UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands ON brand_name = brand_name
SET brand_name = brand_id;
-- Column brand_name in field list is ambigous
— 正确
UPDATE tdb_goods AS g INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_name = b.brand_name
SET g.brand_name = b.brand_id;
— 查看 tdb_goods 的数据表结构
DESC tdb_goods;
— 通过 ALTER TABLE 语句修改数据表结构
ALTER TABLE tdb_goods
CHANGE goods_cate cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
CHANGE brand_name brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;
-- 分别在 tdb_goods_cates 和 tdb_goods_brands 表插入记录
INSERT tdb_goods_cates(cate_name) VALUES(路由器),(交换机),( 网卡
INSERT tdb_goods_brands(brand_name) VALUES(海尔),(清华同方),(神舟
— 在 tdb_goods 数据表写入任意记录
INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id,goods_price) VALUES( LaserJet Pro P1606dn 黑白激光打印机 , 12 , 4 , 1849
— 查询所有商品的详细信息 (通过内连接实现)
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g
INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id
INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;
— 查询所有商品的详细信息 (通过左外连接实现)
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g
LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id
LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;
— 查询所有商品的详细信息 (通过右外连接实现)
SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g
RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id
RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;
— 无限分类的数据表设计
CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_types(
type_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
type_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(家用电器 ,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(电脑、办公 ,DEFAULT);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(大家电 ,1);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(生活电器 ,1);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(平板电视 ,3);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(空调 ,3);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(电风扇 ,4);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(饮水机 ,4);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(电脑整机 ,2);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(电脑配件 ,2);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(笔记本 ,9);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(超级本 ,9);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(游戏本 ,9);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(CPU ,10);
INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES(主机 ,10);
— 查找所有分类及其父类
SELECT s.type_id,s.type_name,p.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS s LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS p ON s.parent_id = p.type_id;
— 查找所有分类及其子类
SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,s.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id;
— 查找所有分类及其子类的数目
SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id GROUP BY p.type_name ORDER BY p.type_id;
— 为 tdb_goods_types 添加 child_count 字段
ALTER TABLE tdb_goods_types ADD child_count MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
— 将刚才查询到的子类数量更新到 tdb_goods_types 数据表
UPDATE tdb_goods_types AS t1 INNER JOIN ( SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROM tdb_goods_types AS p
LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id
GROUP BY p.type_name
ORDER BY p.type_id ) AS t2
ON t1.type_id = t2.type_id
SET t1.child_count = t2.children_count;
— 复制编号为 12,20 的两条记录
SELECT * FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);
— INSERT … SELECT 实现复制
INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id) SELECT goods_name,cate_id,brand_id FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);
— 查找重复记录
SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) = 2;
— 删除重复记录
DELETE t1 FROM tdb_goods AS t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) = 2 ) AS t2 ON t1.goods_name = t2.goods_name WHERE t1.goods_id t2.goods_id;
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