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本篇内容主要讲解“如何使用备份集跨平台传输整个 CDB 数据库”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让丸趣 TV 小编来带大家学习“如何使用备份集跨平台传输整个 CDB 数据库”吧!
可以从源平台传输整个数据库到有相同字节序的不同平台。当为了传输数据库而创建跨平台备份时，可以在源平台或目标平台上执行对数据库的转换。在目标平台执行对数据库的转换的最大好处就是执行转换的开锁从源平台转 移到了目标平台。
使用备份集执行跨平台数据库传输的先决条件
在为了跨平台传输数据库而创建跨平台备份之前需要满足以下条件:
. 源数据库与目标数据库的 spfile 文件中的 compatible 参数必须设置为 12.0.0 或更高的版本。
. 源数据库必须是 read-only 模式打开。
.dbms_tdb.check_db 过程必须成功运行。
. 源平台与目标平台必须有相同的字节序。
下面的例子将使用备份集执行跨平台传输数据库，源平台为 Linux 64 位，目标平台为 windows 64 位其具体操作如下
1. 在目标平台上创建数据库实例 jy
设置环境变量 ORACLE_SID
C:\Users\Administrator set ORACLE_SID=jy创建实例
C:\Users\Administrator oradim -new -sid jy -startmode m
输入 Oracle 服务用户的口令:
实例已创建。创建 Oracle 口令文件
C:\Users\Administrator orapwd file=D:\app\oracle\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\database\pwdjy.ora password=xxzx$7817600 sysbackup=xxzx$7817600SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = jy)
(ORACLE_HOME =D:\app\oracle\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=jy)
)
)
在 tnsnames.ora 文件中增加以下内容
JY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = WIN-ROUOJ6ERFO3)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jy)
(UR = A)
)
)2. 利用源数据库的 spfile 文件来为目标数据库创建 spfile 文件
SQL create pfile= $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inityyl.ora from spfile;
File created.将上面生成的 inityyl.ora 文件复制到目标平台 D:\app\oracle\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\database 目录下并将其内容修改成如下所示
*.audit_file_dest= D:\app\oracle\admin\jy\adump
*.cluster_database=false
*.compatible= 12.2.0
*.control_files= D:\APP\ORACLE\ORADATA\JY\CONTROLFILE\control01.ctl
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest= D:\app\oracle\oradata\
*.db_name= jy
*.diagnostic_dest= D:\app\oracle\
*.dispatchers= (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jyXDB)
*.enable_pluggable_database=true
jy2.instance_number=2
jy1.instance_number=1
*.log_archive_dest_1= location=D:\app\oracle\oradata\arch\jy
*.nls_language= AMERICAN
*.nls_territory= AMERICA
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1g
*.processes=2000
*.remote_login_passwordfile= exclusive
*.sga_max_size=2147483648
*.sga_target=2147483648
jy2.thread=2
jy1.thread=1
*.undo_retention=8640
jy1.undo_tablespace= UNDOTBS1
jy2.undo_tablespace= UNDOTBS23. 在目标平台上启动实例 jy
C:\Users\Administrator sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2 月 1 01:23:54 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已连接到空闲例程。
Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes
Fixed Size 8920984 bytes
Variable Size 1392509032 bytes
Database Buffers 738197504 bytes
Redo Buffers 7856128 bytes创建 spfile 参数文件并重启实例到 nomount 状态
SQL create spfile from pfile= D:\app\oracle\product\12.2.0\dbhome_1\database\initjy.ora
文件已创建。SQL shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: ??????
Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes
Fixed Size 8920984 bytes
Variable Size 1392509032 bytes
Database Buffers 738197504 bytes
Redo Buffers 7856128 bytes
SQL show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
spfile string D:\APP\ORACLE\PRODUCT\12.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\SPFILEJY.ORA测试 tns 连接实例 jy 是否能够成功
C:\Users\Administrator sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2 月 1 18:01:52 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL conn sys/abcd@jy as sysdba
已连接。4. 使用有 sysdba 权限的用户通过 SQL*Plus 连接到源数据库，并查询 v$transportable_platform 来查询目标平台的名字，因为传输整个数据库源平台与目标平台的字节序应该相同。
[oracle@jytest1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Feb 1 18:06:37 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL set long 200
SQL set linesize 200
SQL select platform_name,endian_format from v$transportable_platform;
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit) Big
Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit) Big
Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit) Little
Linux IA (32-bit) Little
AIX-Based Systems (64-bit) Big
HP-UX (64-bit) Big
HP Tru64 UNIX Little
HP-UX IA (64-bit) Big
Linux IA (64-bit) Little
HP Open VMS Little
Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit) Little
IBM zSeries Based Linux Big
Linux x86 64-bit Little
Apple Mac OS Big
Microsoft Windows x86 64-bit Little
Solaris Operating System (x86) Little
IBM Power Based Linux Big
HP IA Open VMS Little
Solaris Operating System (x86-64) Little
Apple Mac OS (x86-64) Little
20 rows selected.我这里源平台为 Linux x86 64-bit, 目标平台为 Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit), 两个平台的字节序都是 Little
5. 给 RMAN 备份输出文件选择命名方法
使用 backup 命令的 format 子句来为备份输出文件选择输出方法。比如使用 format 子句来为备份输出文件指定存储目录 /ora_backup/tdb 并且为每个文件生成以 transport_为前缀的唯一文件名。FORMAT /ora_backup/tdb/transport_%U
6. 启动 RMAN 连接到源数据库 (整个 RAC CDB) 并将重启源数据库并以只读方式打开。
[oracle@jytest1 tdb]$ rman target sys/abcd0@jy catalog rco/abcd@jypdb_173
Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Feb 1 18:37:04 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JY (DBID=979425723)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN shutdown immediate
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN startup mount
connected to target database: JY (DBID=979425723)
database is already started
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
RMAN alter database open read only;
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
Statement processed7. 在 backup 命令中使用 for transport 或 to platform 子句来备份源数据库。下面的例子对整个数据库创建跨平台传输备份。备份可以被还原到任何与源平台有相同字节序的平台。这里源平台为 Linux x86 64-bit，因为使用了 for transport 子句，那么对整个数据库的转换操作将在目标平台上执行。跨平台数据库备份被存储在 /ora_backup/tdb 目录中。
RMAN backup for transport format /ora_backup/tdb/db_transport_%U database;
Starting backup at 01-FEB-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/sysaux.298.962209605
input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/undotbs2.312.962209605
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/undotbs1.277.962209605
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/system.317.962209603
input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/users.301.962209605
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
piece handle=/ora_backup/tdb/db_transport_7ssq5l1i_1_1 tag=TAG20180201T192745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00014 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/users.278.962209649
input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/sysaux.316.962209649
input datafile file number=00013 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/undo_2.268.962209649
input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/system.271.962209649
input datafile file number=00012 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/undotbs1.264.962209649
input datafile file number=00015 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/test.275.962210609
input datafile file number=00022 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/tts.257.966380353
input datafile file number=00023 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/cs.294.966380783
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
piece handle=/ora_backup/tdb/db_transport_7tsq5l5g_1_1 tag=TAG20180201T192745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00017 name=+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/sysaux.259.962469409
input datafile file number=00016 name=+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/system.260.962469409
input datafile file number=00018 name=+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/undotbs1.265.962469409
input datafile file number=00019 name=+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/undo_2.266.962469409
input datafile file number=00021 name=+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/test.269.962469409
input datafile file number=00020 name=+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/users.267.962469409
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
piece handle=/ora_backup/tdb/db_transport_7usq5l8p_1_1 tag=TAG20180201T192745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AA264B21F3ED9E053AB828A0A6088/DATAFILE/sysaux.270.962209675
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AA264B21F3ED9E053AB828A0A6088/DATAFILE/system.256.962209675
input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/JY/5F9AA264B21F3ED9E053AB828A0A6088/DATAFILE/undotbs1.296.962209675
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-FEB-18
piece handle=/ora_backup/tdb/db_transport_7vsq5lbf_1_1 tag=TAG20180201T192745 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 01-FEB-18
total 5532808
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 3146178560 Feb 1 13:27 db_transport_7ssq5l1i_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 990789632 Feb 1 13:29 db_transport_7tsq5l5g_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 988348416 Feb 1 13:30 db_transport_7usq5l8p_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 540270592 Feb 1 13:31 db_transport_7vsq5lbf_1_1备份源数据库的控制文件到跨踪文件中用于在目标平台为目标数据库重新创建控制文件
SQL alter session set tracefile_identifier= create
Session altered.
SQL alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;
Database altered.
[root@jytest1 /]# find / -name *create*.trc
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/jy/jy1/trace/jy1_ora_22752_create.trc
[root@jytest1 /]# cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/jy/jy1/trace/jy1_ora_22752_create.trc
Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/jy/jy1/trace/jy1_ora_22752_create.trc
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Build label: RDBMS_12.2.0.1.0_LINUX.X64_170125
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db
System name: Linux
Node name: jytest1.jydba.net
Release: 3.8.13-55.1.6.el7uek.x86_64
Version: #2 SMP Wed Feb 11 14:18:22 PST 2015
Machine: x86_64
Instance name: jy1
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 40
Unix process pid: 22752, image: oracle@jytest1.jydba.net (TNS V1-V3)
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