共计 3603 个字符,预计需要花费 10 分钟才能阅读完成。
这篇文章主要介绍“mysql 内连接和外连接有哪些区别”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在 mysql 内连接和外连接有哪些区别问题上存在疑惑,丸趣 TV 小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”mysql 内连接和外连接有哪些区别”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着丸趣 TV 小编一起来学习吧!
mysql 内连接和外连接的区别:内连接会取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的不保留;而外连接会取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的也会保留,其值为 NULL。
本教程操作环境:windows7 系统、mysql8 版本、Dell G3 电脑。
区别
内连接(inner join):取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的不保留
外连接(outer join):取出连接表中匹配到的数据,匹配不到的也会保留,其值为 NULL
示例表
users 表
mysql select * from users;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | john |
| 2 | May |
| 3 | Lucy |
| 4 | Jack |
| 5 | James |
+----+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
topics 表
mysql select * from topics;
+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| id | title | user_id |
+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| 1 | Hello world | 1 |
| 2 | PHP is the best language in the world | 2 |
| 3 | Laravel artist | 6 |
+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
内连接 (inner join)
示例
mysql select * from users as u inner join topics as t on u.id=t.user_id;
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| id | name | id | title | user_id |
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| 1 | john | 1 | Hello world | 1 |
| 2 | May | 2 | PHP is the best language in the world | 2 |
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
inner 可以省略,as 是给表起别名,也可以省略
mysql select * from users u join topics t on u.id=t.user_id;
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| id | name | id | title | user_id |
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| 1 | john | 1 | Hello world | 1 |
| 2 | May | 2 | PHP is the best language in the world | 2 |
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上两句等价于
mysql select * from users,topics where users.id=topics.user_id;
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| id | name | id | title | user_id |
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
| 1 | john | 1 | Hello world | 1 |
| 2 | May | 2 | PHP is the best language in the world | 2 |
+----+------+----+---------------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
外连接 (outer join)
左外连接(left outer join):以左边的表为主表
右外连接(right outer join):以右边的表为主表
以某一个表为主表,进行关联查询,不管能不能关联的上,主表的数据都会保留,关联不上的以 NULL 显示
通俗解释就是:先拿出主表的所有数据,然后到关联的那张表去找有没有符合关联条件的数据,如果有,正常显示,如果没有,显示为 NULL
示例
mysql select * from users as u left join topics as t on u.id=t.user_id;
+----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
| id | name | id | title | user_id |
+----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
| 1 | john | 1 | Hello world | 1 |
| 2 | May | 2 | PHP is the best language in the world | 2 |
| 3 | Lucy | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 4 | Jack | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| 5 | James | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+----+-------+------+---------------------------------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
等价于以下,只是字段的位置不一样
mysql select * from topics as t right join users as u on u.id=t.user_id;
+------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
| id | title | user_id | id | name |
+------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
| 1 | Hello world | 1 | 1 | john |
| 2 | PHP is the best language in the world | 2 | 2 | May |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | Lucy |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 4 | Jack |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | James |
+------+---------------------------------------+---------+----+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
左外连接和右外连接是相对的,主要就是以哪个表为主表去进行关联
到此,关于“mysql 内连接和外连接有哪些区别”的学习就结束了,希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习,快去试试吧!若想继续学习更多相关知识,请继续关注丸趣 TV 网站,丸趣 TV 小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章!