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一、不同场景在满足不同的条件时的恢复方法:
二、针对不同的恢复方法给出具体的恢复思路:
2.1、通过重新拷贝冗余的控制文件
1、在线或者关闭数据库后损坏了其中部分控制文件;
2、shutdown abort 关闭数据库;
3、拷贝其中一个完好的控制文件;
4、startup 启动数据库。
2.2、 通过备份控制文件进行完全恢复
1、在线或者关闭数据库后损坏了所有控制文件;
2、shutdown abort 关闭数据库;
3、startup nomount 启动数据库;
4、restore controlfile from‘xxx’; 从备份中还原控制文件;
5、alter database mount;
5、recover database using backup controlfile until cancel,在执行时选择 auto 自动应用所有的归档文件;
6、再次执行 recover database using backup controlfile until cancel,选择应用未归档的 redo 文件;
7、alter database open resetlogs;
2.3、通过备份控制文件进行不完全恢复
1、在线或者关闭数据库后损坏了所有控制文件;
2、shutdown abort 关闭数据库;
3、startup nomount 启动数据库;
4、restore controlfile from‘xxx’; 从备份中还原控制文件;
5、alter database mount;
6、recover database using backup controlfile until cancel,在执行时选择 auto 自动应用尽可能多的归档文件;
7、alter database open resetlogs;
2.4、通过备份控制文件进行重建的恢复(noresetlogs 方式)
1、在线或者关闭数据库后损坏了所有控制文件;
2、shutdown abort 关闭数据库;
3、startup nomount 启动数据库;
4、restore controlfile from‘xxx’; 从备份中还原控制文件;
5、alter database mount;
6、alter database backup controlfile to trace,生成创建控制文件的脚本;
7、shutdown immediate 并启动到 startup nomount 状态;
8、使用 noresetlogs 方式创建控制文件;
9、recover database 恢复数据库;
10、恢复完后通过 alter database open 打开数据库;
2.5、通过备份控制文件进行重建的恢复(resetlogs 方式)
1、在线或者关闭数据库后损坏了所有控制文件;
2、shutdown abort 关闭数据库;
3、startup nomount 启动数据库;
4、restore controlfile from‘xxx’; 从备份中还原控制文件;
5、alter database mount;
6、alter database backup controlfile to trace,生成创建控制文件的脚本;
7、shutdown immediate 并启动到 startup nomount 状态
8、使用 resetlogs 方式创建控制文件;
9、如果未归档的 redo 文件可用时,则直接 recover database,然后选用未归档的 redo 文件应用,
最后通过 alter database open resetlogs 方式打开数据库。
10、如果未归档的 redo 文件不可用时,则需要设置隐含参数_allow_resetlogs_corruption 为 true 跳
过一致性检查,最后用 alter database open resetlogs 方式打开数据库。
注:打开数据库后很多情况下会出现需要推进 scn 的问题。
2.6、通过手工重建的控制文件进行恢复(noresetlogs 方式)
1、在线或者关闭数据库后损坏了所有控制文件;
2、shutdown abort 关闭数据库;
3、startup nomount 启动数据库;
4、构造控制文件;
下面的步骤参考 2.4 的第八步;
2.7、通过手工重建的控制文件进行恢复(resetlogs 方式)
1、在线或者关闭数据库后损坏了所有控制文件;
2、shutdown abort 关闭数据库;
3、startup nomount 启动数据库;
4、构造控制文件;
下面的步骤参考 2.5 的第八步;
三、模拟几种恢复方法的操作:
下面主要对这三种恢复方法(通过备份控制文件进行完全恢复、通过备份控制文件进行重建的恢复(noresetlogs 方式)、通过备份控制文件进行重建的恢复(resetlogs 方式))的操作模拟,因为其他的几种恢复方法要么比较简单要么跟这三种方法共通。
3.1、通过备份控制文件进行完全恢复
1、查看数据库基本信息和数据库状态
SQL show parameter db_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
db_name string leonliao
SQL show parameter control_files
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
control_files string /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/
control01.ctl, /home/oracle/or
adata/leonliao/control02.ctl
SQL select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
——————–
READ WRITE
2、备份控制文件
RMAN backup current controlfile;
3、数据库在线时删除所有控制文件
[oracle@leon1 leonliao]$ rm -rf control0*ctl
[oracle@leon1 leonliao]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oradata/leonliao
4、无法正常关闭数据库只能 shutdown abort
SQL shutdown immediate
Database closed.
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/control01.ctl
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL
5、启动数据库到 nomount 状态并还原备份的控制文件
SQL startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 184550744 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes
RMAN restore controlfile from /u01/app/oracle/dbs/01qvmql3_1_1
6、将数据库启动到 mount 状态并开始恢复
SQL alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL
SQL
SQL recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 1181770 generated at 03/05/2016 05:02:58 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/arch/1_6_905662043.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1181770 for thread 1 is in sequence #6
Specify log: {RET =suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto 选择 auto,自动应用所有的归档文件
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
/home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/arch/1_6_905662043.dbf
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
/home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/arch/1_6_905662043.dbf
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1: /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/system01.dbf
SQL recover database using backup controlfile until cancel; 由于未归档的 redo 文件需要手动应用
ORA-00279: change 1181770 generated at 03/05/2016 05:02:58 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/arch/1_6_905662043.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1181770 for thread 1 is in sequence #6
Specify log: {RET =suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo03.log 在关闭数据库前可以查看当前 current 的 redo 文件是哪一个,不清楚可以一个个应用直到提示 Log applied 为止
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
7、以 open resetlogs 方式打开数据库
SQL alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL
SQL select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
——————–
READ WRITE
3.2、通过备份控制文件进行重建的恢复(noresetlogs 方式)
1、查看数据库基本信息和数据库状态
SQL show parameter db_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
db_name string leonliao
SQL show parameter control_files
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
control_files string /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/
control01.ctl, /home/oracle/or
adata/leonliao/control02.ctl
SQL select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
——————–
READ WRITE
2、备份控制文件
RMAN backup current controlfile;
3、数据库在线时删除所有控制文件
[oracle@leon1 leonliao]$ rm -rf control0*ctl
[oracle@leon1 leonliao]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oradata/leonliao
4、无法正常关闭数据库只能 shutdown abort
SQL shutdown immediate
Database closed.
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/control01.ctl
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL
5、启动数据库到 nomount 状态并还原备份的控制文件
SQL startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 184550744 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes
RMAN restore controlfile from /u01/app/oracle/dbs/03qvmrqj_1_1
6、将数据库启动到 mount 状态并生成创建控制文件的脚本
SQL alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
7、shutdown immediate 并启动到 startup nomount 状态创建控制文件
SQL shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 184550744 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes
SQL CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE LEONLIAO NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 16
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
4 MAXDATAFILES 100
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo01.log SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
9 GROUP 2 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo02.log SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
10 GROUP 3 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo03.log SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
11 — STANDBY LOGFILE
12 DATAFILE
13 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/system01.dbf ,
14 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/sysaux01.dbf ,
15 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/undotbs01.dbf ,
16 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/users01.dbf
17 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
18 ;
Control file created.
8、开始恢复
SQL recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00264: no recovery required
9、以 open 方式打开数据库
SQL alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
——————–
READ WRITE
3.3、通过备份控制文件进行重建的恢复(resetlogs 方式)
1、查看数据库基本信息和数据库状态
SQL show parameter db_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
db_name string leonliao
SQL show parameter control_files
NAME TYPE VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
control_files string /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/
control01.ctl, /home/oracle/or
adata/leonliao/control02.ctl
SQL select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
———- ——- ——- ————————————————– —
1 ONLINE /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo01.log NO
3 ONLINE /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo03.log NO
2 ONLINE /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo02.log NO
SQL select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
——————–
READ WRITE
2、备份控制文件
RMAN backup current controlfile;
3、数据库在线时删除所有控制文件和 redo 文件
[oracle@leon1 leonliao]$ rm -rf control0*ctl
[oracle@leon1 leonliao]$ rm -rf redo0*log
[oracle@leon1 leonliao]$ pwd
/home/oracle/oradata/leonliao
4、无法正常关闭数据库只能 shutdown abort
SQL shutdown immediate
Database closed.
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/control01.ctl
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL
5、启动数据库到 nomount 状态并还原备份的控制文件
SQL startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 184550744 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes
RMAN restore controlfile from /u01/app/oracle/dbs/01qvmtbj_1_1
6、将数据库启动到 mount 状态并生成创建控制文件的脚本
SQL alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
7、shutdown immediate 并启动到 startup nomount 状态创建 resetlogs 的控制文件
SQL shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 184550744 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes
SQL CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE LEONLIAO RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 16
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
4 MAXDATAFILES 100
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo01.log SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
9 GROUP 2 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo02.log SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
10 GROUP 3 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/redo03.log SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
11 — STANDBY LOGFILE
12 DATAFILE
13 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/system01.dbf ,
14 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/sysaux01.dbf ,
15 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/undotbs01.dbf ,
16 /home/oracle/oradata/leonliao/users01.dbf
17 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
18 ;
Control file created.
8、因为所有 redo 文件都删除了,无法恢复,所以会出现一致性的问题,通过设置隐含参数_allow_resetlogs_corruption 为 true 跳过一致性检查;
SQL alter system set _allow_resetlogs_corruption =true scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2230952 bytes
Variable Size 184550744 bytes
Database Buffers 432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers 7532544 bytes
Database mounted.
9、以 open resetlogs 方式打开数据库
SQL alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
——————–
READ WRITE
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